2018 英语一 Text 2｜数字原住民：越来越会辨别和分享新闻
主旨
哈佛调查：超过三分之二的美国年轻人不认可特朗普用推特发布消息，他们更希望白宫新闻经其他渠道过滤 → 大多数人靠社交媒体看新闻，但对媒体普遍不信任，人们可能在增强媒介素养，这很必要（假新闻泛滥）→ 数字原住民更会辨别网上真假：用”分布式信任”核实新闻，交叉核对、看多元视角 → 依赖社交媒体还带来更多政治参与 → 社交媒体上转发即价值观的投射，迫使用户意识到自己在传播信息中的角色；假新闻主因是”读者误读” → 年轻人批评过度发推的总统，体现了思维上的自律。
原文：2018 Text 2 · 话题：媒体 / 社会 · 答案：26 D｜27 A｜28 B｜29 C｜30 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| disapprove v. | 不赞成 | more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter | dis- 不 + approve 赞成 |
| implication n. | 言外之意 | The implication is that | im- 进 + plic 折叠 → 折在里面的意思 |
| filter v. | 过滤 | to be filtered through other sources | |
| headline n. | 新闻标题 | Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. | head + line |
| distrust n. | 不信任 | as distrust has risen toward all media | dis- 不 + trust |
| literacy n. | 素养，读写能力 | beef up their media literacy skills | liter 文字 → 识字 → 素养 |
| conduct v. | 进行（调查） | a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News | con- + duct 引导 |
| native n. | 原住民 | Young people who are digital natives | nat 出生；同根 nation |
| cyberspace n. | 网络空间 | more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace | cyber 网络 + space |
| verify v. | 核实 | use “distributed trust” to verify stories | ver 真 + -ify 使 → 证实为真 |
| perspective n. | 视角 | prefer news from different perspectives | per- 贯穿 + spect 看 |
| bias n. | 偏见 | especially those that are open about any bias | |
| opposing adj. | 对立的 | actively seeking out opposing viewpoints | oppose 反对 |
| reliance n. | 依赖 | young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement | rely 依靠 |
| engagement n. | 参与 | young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement | engage 参与 |
| intimately adv. | 亲身地，贴近地 | experience news events more intimately and immediately | intimate 亲密的 |
| projection n. | 投射 | as a projection of their values and interests | pro- 向前 + ject 扔 → 投出去 |
| conscious adj. | 意识到的 | more conscious of their role in passing along information | con- + sci 知 |
| phenomenon n. | 现象 | the fake news phenomenon | |
| misinterpretation n. | 误读 | misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news | mis- 错 + interpret 解释 |
| exaggeration n. | 夸大 | misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news | |
| counteract v. | 抵制，对抗 | This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem | counter 反 + act 作用 |
| discipline n. | 自律 | they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| disapprove of | 不赞成 | Many parents disapprove of teenagers dating. |
| prefer sth to be done | 更希望……被做 | |
| rely on sth to do | 依靠……来做 | rely on smartphones to get news |
| distrust toward | 对……的不信任 | growing distrust toward advertisements |
| beef up | 加强 | beef up security / skills |
| be badly needed | 急需 | Reform is badly needed. |
| fake news | 假新闻 | |
| digital natives | 数字原住民 | |
| separate fact from fiction | 辨别真假 | separate truth from rumours |
| cross-check sources | 交叉核对来源 | |
| from different perspectives | 从不同视角 | view the issue from different perspectives |
| be open about | 坦承 | be open about one’s mistakes |
| assume responsibility for | 承担……的责任 | assume responsibility for one’s actions |
| seek out | 寻找，搜寻 | seek out opportunities / opposing viewpoints |
| lead to greater engagement | 带来更多参与 | lead to greater public participation |
| a projection of one’s values | 价值观的投射 | Our choices are a projection of our values. |
| be conscious of | 意识到 | be conscious of one’s responsibility |
| pass along information | 传递信息 | pass along knowledge / skills |
| lie in | 在于 | The problem lies in poor management. |
| made-up stories | 编造的故事 | |
| factual mistakes | 事实错误 | |
| the heart of the issue | 问题的核心 | get to the heart of the issue |
| personal responsibility | 个人责任 | |
| be critical of | 批评 | be critical of the policy |
| mental discipline | 心智自律 |
三、熟词僻义
- native n. 原住民（digital natives，≠本地人）：Young people who are digital natives
- critical adj. 关键的（≠批评的）：the politically critical state of Michigan；对比段末 be critical of 才是”批评”
- giant n. 巨头（≠巨人）：from the media giant
- fiction n. 虚假内容（≠小说）：separating fact from fiction in cyberspace
- story n. 新闻报道（≠故事）：use “distributed trust” to verify stories
- assume v. 承担（≠假设）：assume a great deal of personal responsibility
- discipline n. 自律（≠学科 / 纪律处分）：they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cast doubts on | 对……表示怀疑 | Q26 题干 | |
| justification n. | 正当理由 | Q26 [A] | justify 证明……正当 |
| administration n. | 政府 | Q26 [C] | 熟词僻义：≠管理 |
| reliable adj. | 可靠的 | Q26 [D] | rely + -able |
| sharpen v. | 提升，使敏锐 | Q27 [A] | sharp + -en |
| boast v. | 夸耀 | Q27 [C] | |
| voice v. | 表达 | Q28 [A] | 熟词僻义：名词”声音”作动词 |
| refer to | 参考 | Q28 [B] | |
| diverse adj. | 多样的 | Q28 [B] | di- 分开 + vers 转 |
| outdated adj. | 过时的 | Q29 [A] | out + date |
| counteraction n. | 对抗 | Q30 [B] | |
| accumulation n. | 积累 | Q30 [C] | ac- + cumul 堆积 |
| mutual adj. | 相互的 | Q30 [C] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 26 D | more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter / 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant | social media as a reliable source of news |
| 27 A | beef up their media literacy skills | sharpen |
| 28 B | They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives | verify news by referring to diverse sources |
| 29 C | the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” / misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news | readers’ misinterpretation |
| 30 A | more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace / they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills | A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online |
六、长难句
① 表语从句 + prefer sth to be done（Q26 出处）
The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
- 主干：The implication is that …
- that 从句：表语从句；prefer sth to be done 更希望……被……
- not a president’s social media platform：与 other sources 对比
- 译：这意味着，千禧一代更希望白宫的消息经由其他渠道过滤后再传出来，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台。
② allow sb to do + while also doing（Q29 背景）
Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.
- 主干：Social media allows users to experience news events …
- while also permitting them to …：while + 分词，“同时还……”，主语仍是 social media
- as a projection of …：作为……的投射
- 译：社交媒体让用户能更贴近、更即时地体验新闻事件，同时也让他们转发新闻，以此投射自己的价值观和兴趣。
③ when 从句 + 破折号补充（Q30 出处）
So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.
- 主干：they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills
- when 从句：时间状语，be critical of 批评
- 破折号后：and in their choices …，与 in thinking skills 并列；when to share 是”疑问词 + 不定式”
- 译：因此，当年轻人批评一位发推过多的总统时，他们展现出了思维上的自律，也体现在何时在社交媒体上分享的选择上。
七、句型
- Such a trend is badly needed.（评价趋势） 原句：Such a trend is badly needed. 套用：Young people are paying more attention to mental health. Such a trend is badly needed.
- A are indeed becoming more skillful at doing B.（肯定进步） 原句：Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. 套用：Older people are indeed becoming more skillful at using smartphones.
- Such active research can have another effect.（引出另一影响） 原句：Such active research can have another effect. 套用：Such volunteer work can have another effect: it builds a sense of community.
- This forces users to be more conscious of their role in doing …（因果推进） 原句：This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. 套用：This forces citizens to be more conscious of their role in protecting the environment.
- The problem of A lies in B.（指出症结） 原句：About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. 套用：The problem of food waste lies in our habits rather than in shortage.
- In other words, A may be the heart of the issue.（归结核心） 原句：In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. 套用：In other words, self-discipline may be the heart of the issue.