2017 英语一 Text 3｜GDP 不再够用：英国高增长却低福祉
主旨
肯尼迪曾说 GDP 衡量”除了让生活有价值之外的一切”；英国脱欧、GDP 预计放缓，正是重新审视这句话的时候 → GDP 的缺陷：衡量不重要的，漏掉重要的；英国 GDP 令西方羡慕，为何仍有 1700 多万人投票脱欧？→ 一项研究衡量各国把增长转化为福祉的能力：英国在 163 国中表现最差之一；研究在 GDP 之外采用健康、教育、公民参与等 40 多套标准 → 主要经济体虽在复苏，健康、教育等指标却在下滑，部分较穷的欧洲国家反而大幅改善 → 富国应学到：GDP 不再是唯一标准时，世界大不一样 → 决策者若转向提升福祉，或能避开预言中的厄运，甚至取得进步。
原文：2017 Text 3 · 话题：经济 / 社会 · 答案：31 D｜32 B｜33 D｜34 C｜35 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| worthwhile adj. | 值得的，有价值的 | a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” | worth + while 时间 → 值得花时间 |
| predict v. | 预测 | already predicted to slow | pre- 预先 + dict 说 |
| timely adj. | 适时的 | it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to | time + -ly（形容词） |
| assess v. | 评估 | it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to | |
| policymaker n. | 决策者 | has annoyed policymakers for over half a century | policy + maker |
| flawed adj. | 有缺陷的 | it is a flawed concept | flaw 瑕疵 |
| unemployment n. | 失业（率） | with record low unemployment and high growth figures | un- + employment |
| prospect n. | 前景 | what it could do to their country’s economic prospects | pro- 向前 + spect 看 |
| convert v. | 转化 | their ability to convert growth into well-being | con- + vert 转 |
| well-being n. | 幸福，福祉 | their ability to convert growth into well-being | well + being 存在 |
| meaningful adj. | 有意义的 | economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens | |
| criterion n. | 标准（复数 criteria） | over 40 different sets of criteria | crit 判断；同根 critic |
| civil adj. | 公民的 | civil society engagement | |
| engagement n. | 参与 | civil society engagement | engage 参与 |
| rounded adj. | 全面的 | a more rounded assessment | round 圆 → 圆满 |
| consistent adj. | 一致的，共同的 | a number of consistent themes | con- + sist 站 → 站在一起 |
| budding adj. | 萌芽的 | a budding economic recovery | bud 花蕾 |
| recovery n. | 复苏 | a budding economic recovery | recover 恢复 |
| indicator n. | 指标 | in key indicators in areas such as health and education | indicate 表明 |
| equality n. | 平等 | income equality and the environment | equal 平等的 |
| sole adj. | 唯一的 | the sole measure of a country’s success | 易混 soul 灵魂 |
| outcome n. | 结果 | education outcomes | out + come |
| refocus v. | 重新聚焦 | refocus efforts on improving well-being | re- + focus |
| forecast v. | 预测 | could avoid the forecasted doom | fore- 预先 + cast 投 |
| doom n. | 厄运 | could avoid the forecasted doom |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| vote to leave | 投票退出 | |
| as a result | 因此 | |
| a timely moment to do | 做……的恰当时机 | It is a timely moment to rethink our lifestyle. |
| refer to | 指 | |
| annoy policymakers | 困扰决策者 | |
| a flawed concept | 有缺陷的概念 | |
| be the envy of | 令……羡慕 | Its public transport is the envy of the world. |
| record low / high | 创纪录的低 / 高 | record high temperatures |
| vote for | 投票支持 | |
| despite the warnings about | 不顾……的警告 | |
| convert A into B | 把 A 转化为 B | convert knowledge into practical skills |
| shed light on | 阐明，揭示 | shed light on the causes of the problem |
| translate A into B | 把 A 转化为 B | translate ideas into action |
| rather than just focusing on | 而不只是关注 | |
| a more rounded assessment | 更全面的评估 | a well-rounded education 全面教育 |
| face challenges | 面临挑战 | |
| This isn’t the case with | ……并非如此 | This isn’t the case with all students. |
| see huge improvements | 取得巨大改善 | |
| a lesson that A can learn | A 可以吸取的教训 | |
| be regarded as the sole measure of | 被视为衡量……的唯一标准 | Grades should not be regarded as the sole measure of success. |
| contribute to | 有助于 | contribute to a sense of well-being |
| a sense of well-being | 幸福感 | |
| a sharp hit to growth | 对增长的重大打击 | |
| lead to a decline in | 导致……下降 | |
| refocus efforts on | 把精力重新放在 | refocus efforts on quality rather than quantity |
| rather than simply worrying about | 而不是只担心 | |
| see progress | 取得进展 |
三、熟词僻义
- envy n. 羡慕的对象（≠羡慕 v.）：has been the envy of the Western world
- record adj. 创纪录的（≠记录 n.）：with record low unemployment
- figure n. 数据（≠人物）：high growth figures
- translate v. 转化（≠翻译）：economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens
- measure n. 衡量标准（≠措施）：the sole measure of a country’s success
- hit n. 打击（≠热门）：The sharp hit to growth
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cite v. | 引用 | Q31 题干 | |
| identify A with B | 把 A 等同于 B | Q31 [B] | |
| misinterpret v. | 误解 | Q31 [C] | mis- 错 + interpret 解释 |
| have a low opinion of | 对……评价低 | Q31 [D] | |
| be reluctant to | 不愿 | Q32 [A] | |
| remold v. | 重塑 | Q32 [A] | re- + mold 模子 |
| defy v. | 蔑视，违抗 | Q32 [B] | |
| exclude v. | 排除 | Q33 [B] | ex- 出 + clud 关 → 关在外面 |
| questionable adj. | 值得怀疑的 | Q33 [C] | |
| enlightening adj. | 有启发的 | Q33 [D] | en- + light 光 → 照亮 |
| boom n. | 繁荣 | Q34 [A] | |
| foreshadow v. | 预示 | Q34 [B] | fore- + shadow |
| caution n. | 谨慎 | Q34 [D] | |
| inadequate adj. | 不足的 | Q35 [A] | in- 不 + adequate |
| terminator n. | 终结者 | Q35 [C] | termin 界限，终点 |
| gateway n. | 门户，途径 | Q35 [D] | gate + way |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 31 D | a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” | had a low opinion of GDP |
| 32 B | then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit | GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK |
| 33 D | sheds some light on that question | Its results are enlightening |
| 34 C | as a measure, it is no longer enough / policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures | it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP |
| 35 A | the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens | High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson |
六、长难句
① with 复合结构 + 形式主语（开篇）
With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
- 主干：it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to（it 是形式主语）
- With + 名词 + doing / done：两个并列的 with 复合结构作背景状语，Britain voting / GDP predicted
- what he was referring to：宾语从句
- 译：随着英国投票脱欧、GDP 预计因此放缓，现在正是评估他那句话含义的恰当时机。
② if 条件句 + 反问 + 让步（Q32 出处）
If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?
- 主干：why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit
- If …：条件状语，带质疑语气
- despite the warnings about what …：让步，what 引导宾语从句作 about 的宾语
- 译：如果一切都那么顺利，为什么还有 1700 多万人投票支持脱欧，不顾脱欧可能对国家经济前景造成影响的警告？
③ 主语从句 + 表语从句 + while 让步（Q34 出处）
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.
- 主干：what Kennedy was referring to was that …
- what …：主语从句；that …：表语从句
- 表语从句内：while 让步 + 主句 it is no longer enough；as a measure 插入
- 译：所以，肯尼迪所指的是：尽管 GDP 一直是衡量各国经济活动最常用的方法，但作为一种衡量标准，它已经不够用了。
七、句型
- A measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.（对称批评） 原句：It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. 套用：Exam-oriented education rewards things that do not matter and ignores things that do.
- By most recent measures, A has been the envy of B.（先扬） 原句：By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world 套用：By most measures, the city’s public transport has been the envy of the country.
- A sheds some light on that question.（引出研究） 原句：A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. 套用：A recent survey sheds some light on that question.
- Yes, …, but … Yet this isn’t the case with all …（让步 + 转折 + 例外） 原句：Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. 套用：Yes, incomes have risen, but people are not happier. Yet this isn’t the case with all cities.
- This is a lesson that A can learn: When B is no longer regarded as the sole measure of C, the world looks very different.（提炼启示） 原句：This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. 套用：This is a lesson that parents can learn: when grades are no longer regarded as the sole measure of a child’s success, education looks very different.
- A who refocus efforts on B rather than simply worrying about C could … and may even see progress.（建议收尾） 原句：But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress. 套用：Schools that refocus efforts on students’ growth rather than simply worrying about rankings may even see better results.