2017 英语一 Text 2｜莫纳克亚山：天文学与夏威夷文化可以共存
主旨
夏威夷末代女王称古代夏威夷人是天文学家，观星者备受尊敬；如今三十米望远镜的修建却引发抗议 → 争议在于选址莫纳克亚山：一些夏威夷人视其为圣山，但它高出大部分稠密大气层，成像清晰无比 → 反对并不新鲜：少数人视望远镜为亵渎圣地、痛苦提醒昔日主权国家被占领 → 天文学家也有责任：急于建大望远镜，没优先保护脆弱生态与神圣性；夏威夷文化是正在复兴的活文化 → 但科学也有文化史：驱使波利尼西亚人来到夏威夷的好奇心，同样驱使天文学家探索天空 → 天文界正在妥协（选址降低可见度、旧望远镜退役后复原），每个人都能在这里拥抱文化遗产、研究星空。
原文：2017 Text 2 · 话题：科学 / 文化 · 答案：26 B｜27 A｜28 B｜29 A｜30 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| astronomer n. | 天文学家 | ”The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,“ | astro 星 + nom 规则 → 研究星辰规律的人 |
| reign v. | 统治 | Hawaii’s last reigning monarch | |
| monarch n. | 君主 | Hawaii’s last reigning monarch | mon(o) 单一 + arch 统治 |
| esteemed adj. | 受尊敬的 | among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society | esteem 尊敬 |
| erupt v. | 爆发 | Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope | e- 出 + rupt 破 → 冲破而出 |
| observatory n. | 天文台 | a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos | observe 观察 + -atory 场所 |
| revolutionize v. | 彻底改变 | a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos | revolution 革命 + -ize |
| cosmos n. | 宇宙 | a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos | |
| dormant adj. | 休眠的 | a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians | dorm 睡；同根 dormitory |
| worship v. | 崇拜 | a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians | worth 价值 + ship → 视为有价值 |
| bulk n. | 大部分 | Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere | |
| dense adj. | 稠密的 | Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere | |
| unsurpassed adj. | 无与伦比的 | images of unsurpassed clarity | un- 不 + surpass 超越 |
| clarity n. | 清晰 | images of unsurpassed clarity | clear 清晰的 |
| vocal adj. | 敢于发声的 | A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists | voc 声音 |
| environmentalist n. | 环保人士 | A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists | environment + -alist |
| sacred adj. | 神圣的 | disrespect for sacred land | sacr 神圣；同根 sacrifice |
| sovereign adj. | 有主权的 | the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation | |
| eagerness n. | 渴望 | In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes | eager 渴望的 |
| prioritize v. | 优先考虑 | They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems | priority 优先 |
| fragile adj. | 脆弱的 | They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems | frag 碎；同根 fragment |
| inhabitant n. | 居民 | its holiness to the island’s inhabitants | in- + habit 居住 |
| relic n. | 遗物，遗迹 | Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past | re- + lic 留下 |
| renaissance n. | 复兴 | undergoing a renaissance today | re- 再 + naiss 出生 → 重生 |
| horizon n. | 地平线 | what lies beyond the horizon | |
| disassemble v. | 拆除 | Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea | dis- 反 + assemble 组装 |
| primal adj. | 原始的，本能的 | a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes | prim 第一 |
| ancestral adj. | 祖先的 | a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes | ancestor 祖先 |
| compromise n. | 妥协 | The astronomy community is making compromises | com- + promise 承诺 → 互相让步 |
| minimize v. | 使降到最低 | to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island | mini 小 + -ize |
| visibility n. | 可见度 | to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island | visible 可见的 |
| archaeological adj. | 考古的 | to avoid archaeological and environmental impact | archae 古 + -logy 学 |
| embrace v. | 拥抱，接纳 | to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars | em- + brace 手臂 |
| heritage n. | 遗产 | to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars | herit 继承；同根 inherit |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| all is not well with | ……情况不妙 | All is not well with our reading habits. |
| erupt over | 因……爆发 | Protests erupted over the new policy. |
| promise to do | 有望做 | The new technology promises to change our lives. |
| At issue is … | 争议焦点是…… | At issue is whether AI should replace teachers. |
| be home to | 是……的所在地 | China is home to the giant panda. |
| rise above | 高出 | |
| obtain images | 获得图像 | obtain information / data |
| A is nothing new. | A 并不新鲜 | Worries about new technology are nothing new. |
| view A as B | 把 A 看作 B | view failure as a chance to learn |
| disrespect for | 对……的不尊重 | disrespect for tradition |
| a painful reminder of | 痛苦的提醒 | a painful reminder of the past |
| Some blame belongs to | 部分责任在于 | |
| in one’s eagerness to do | 急于做…… | In their eagerness to succeed, they ignored … |
| prioritize the protection of | 优先保护 | prioritize the protection of the environment |
| a relic of the past | 过去的遗物 | Cash may become a relic of the past. |
| undergo a renaissance | 经历复兴 | Traditional culture is undergoing a renaissance. |
| with roots going back to | 根源可追溯到 | a festival with roots going back to ancient times |
| the dawn of civilization | 文明的开端 | |
| lie beyond | 在……之外 | |
| calls to do | 要求做……的呼声 | calls to ban plastic bags |
| ignore the reality that | 无视……的现实 | ignore the reality that resources are limited |
| seek to answer | 试图回答 | |
| as if | 仿佛 | |
| make compromises | 做出妥协 | |
| minimize the impact | 把影响降到最低 | minimize the impact on the environment |
| return to a natural state | 恢复自然状态 | |
| There is no reason why … cannot … | 没理由不能…… | There is no reason why tradition and modernity cannot coexist. |
| embrace one’s cultural heritage | 拥抱文化遗产 |
三、熟词僻义
- home n. 所在地（be home to，≠家）：Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes
- rest v. 坐落（≠休息）：Resting in the Pacific Ocean
- bulk n. 大部分（≠体积）：Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere
- vocal adj. 敢于发声的（≠声音的）：A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists
- occupation n. 占领（≠职业）：the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation
- heavens n. 天空（≠天堂）：inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens
- calling n. 召唤，使命（≠打电话）：a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes
- site n. 选址（≠网站）：The TMT site was chosen
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| conservative adj. | 保守的 | Q26 [A] | conserve 保存 |
| regrettable adj. | 令人遗憾的 | Q26 [C] | regret + -able |
| feat n. | 功绩 | Q26 [D] | |
| deem v. | 认为 | Q27 题干 be deemed as | |
| geographical adj. | 地理的 | Q27 [A] | geo 地 + graph 写 |
| humiliating adj. | 屈辱的 | Q28 [B] | humil 低；同根 humble |
| revival n. | 复兴 | Q28 [C] | revive 复兴 |
| fulfil v. | 实现 | Q29 [A] | full + fill |
| soften v. | 缓和 | Q29 [D] | soft + -en |
| hostility n. | 敌意 | Q29 [D] | hostile 敌对的 |
| passive adj. | 被动的 | Q30 [B] | |
| hesitancy n. | 犹豫 | Q30 [C] | hesitate 犹豫 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 26 B | ”The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” / Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society | the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society |
| 27 A | Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity | its geographical features |
| 28 B | a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation | it reminds them of a humiliating history |
| 29 A | The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens | is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians |
| 30 D | The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility / There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars | full approval |
六、长难句
① 表语前置的倒装 + 同位语 + 定语从句（开篇争议）
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.
- 正常语序：The TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea is at issue
- a dormant volcano …：Mauna Kea 的同位语；worshiped by … as the piko 过去分词短语作定语
- that connects …：定语从句修饰 the piko（“脐带”，连接岛屿与天空的圣物）
- 译：争议的焦点是三十米望远镜计划建在莫纳克亚山上。这是一座休眠火山，被一些夏威夷人奉为连接夏威夷群岛与天堂的”脐带”。
② 主语 + 两层定语从句（Q29 出处）
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.
- 主干：The same curiosity inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens
- to find what lies beyond the horizon：不定式修饰 curiosity，what 引导宾语从句
- that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores：定语从句，修饰 curiosity（不是 horizon）
- inspire sb to do：激励某人做
- 译：当年那种想探寻地平线之外有什么、最先把早期波利尼西亚人带到夏威夷海岸的好奇心，如今同样激励着天文学家去探索天空。
③ 并列不定式修饰主语 + 同位语从句 + 三个宾语从句（Q29 / Q30 背景）
Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.
- 主干：Calls … ignore the reality
- to disassemble … or to ban …：两个不定式并列修饰 Calls
- that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer …：同位语从句，解释 reality
- who / where / where：三个宾语从句作 about 的宾语
- 译：要求拆除莫纳克亚山上所有望远镜或禁止今后在那里开发的呼声，都忽视了一个现实：天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答那些大问题——我们是谁，我们从哪里来，我们要到哪里去。
七、句型
- Sadly, all is not well with A today.（由盛转衰的开头） 原句：Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. 套用：Sadly, all is not well with traditional crafts today.
- Opposition to A is nothing new.（追溯争议） 原句：Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. 套用：Opposition to new technology is nothing new.
- Some blame belongs to A. In their eagerness to …, they forgot that …（自我反省） 原句：In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. 套用：In their eagerness to develop the economy, some cities forgot that clean air is priceless.
- A is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.（强调活力） 原句：Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. 套用：Traditional opera is not a relic of the past; it is a living art undergoing a renaissance today.
- Yet A has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to …（对等看待） 原句：Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. 套用：Yet technology has a human side, too, with roots going back to our basic needs.
- There is no reason why everyone cannot …（和解收尾） 原句：There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 套用：There is no reason why tradition and innovation cannot go hand in hand.