2017 英语一 Text 1｜困在安检队伍里：PreCheck 该发挥作用了
主旨
美国一些大机场建议国内航班提前三小时到场，安检队伍越排越长 → 美国人愿意用时间换安全，但要求过多或安全回报太少会削弱公众支持，浪费时间拖累经济与生活 → 秘密检查暴露安检漏洞后安检加强，加上客流增长，大机场排起长队 → 原因：政府没料到客流激增、安检通道空间有限、乘客为省托运费塞满随身行李 → 不必改造机场或急招人的办法：让更多人加入 PreCheck（通过背景审查即可走快速通道）→ 进展缓慢的主因是价格太高，国会应出资或降价 → 早该让这个项目真正运转起来。
原文：2017 Text 1 · 话题：社会 / 公共服务 · 答案：21 A｜22 C｜23 D｜24 D｜25 C
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| authority n. | 当局（常用复数） | how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight | author 创始人 → 权威 |
| domestic adj. | 国内的 | how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight | dom 家；反义 international |
| massive adj. | 巨大的 | increasingly massive security lines | mass 大量 |
| tolerate v. | 容忍 | are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures | |
| procedure n. | 程序 | are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures | proceed 进行 |
| crash n. | 坠毁 | The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 | |
| terrorist n. | 恐怖分子 | which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea | terror 恐怖 + -ist |
| tragic adj. | 悲惨的 | provides another tragic reminder of why | tragedy 悲剧 |
| undermine v. | 削弱 | undermines public support for the process | under 下 + mine 挖 → 在下面挖墙脚 |
| infuriating adj. | 令人恼火的 | not to mention infuriating | in- + fury 狂怒 |
| undercover adj. | 卧底的 | undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons | under + cover 掩护 |
| sneak v. | 偷偷带 | undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons | |
| enhanced adj. | 加强的 | Enhanced security measures since then | en- + hance 高 |
| anticipate v. | 预料 | did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel | ante 提前 + cip 拿 |
| steep adj. | 急剧的 | did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel | 原义”陡峭的” |
| screener n. | 安检员 | rushing to get new screeners on the line | screen 筛查 |
| lane n. | 通道 | airports have only so much room for screening lanes | |
| overpack v. | 塞得过满 | overpack their carry-on bags | over 过度 + pack 装 |
| dispute v. | 否认，质疑 | the airlines strongly dispute this | dis- 分开 + pute 想 → 想法不同 |
| remodel v. | 改造 | would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire | re- 重新 + model 塑造 |
| enroll v. | 招收，登记 | Enroll more people in the PreCheck program | en- + roll 名册 → 登上名册 |
| eligible adj. | 有资格的 | are eligible to use expedited screening lanes | e- 出 + lig 选 → 可被选出的 |
| expedited adj. | 加快的 | are eligible to use expedited screening lanes | ex- 出 + ped 脚 → 把脚解放出来 → 加速 |
| fatal adj. | 致命的 | this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw | fate 命运 |
| flaw n. | 缺陷 | this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw | |
| upcoming adj. | 即将到来的 | Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level | up + coming |
| finance v. | 资助 | by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment | |
| divert v. | 转移 | continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes | di- 离开 + vert 转 |
| underused adj. | 未充分利用的 | continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes | under 不足 + used |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| how far in advance | 提前多久 | book tickets in advance |
| show up | 到场 | show up on time |
| be willing to tolerate | 愿意忍受 | tolerate some inconvenience for safety |
| in return for | 作为……的回报 | give up some privacy in return for convenience |
| a tragic reminder of | 惨痛的提醒 | serve as a reminder of the importance of safety |
| demand too much of sb | 对某人要求过多 | Parents should not demand too much of their children. |
| undermine public support for | 削弱公众对……的支持 | undermine trust / confidence |
| a drag on | ……的拖累 | a drag on the economy |
| not to mention | 更不用说 | It wastes time, not to mention money. |
| sneak A past B | 偷偷把 A 带过 B | |
| combined with | 加上 | Hard work, combined with luck, leads to success. |
| result in long waits | 导致长时间等待 | result in delays / losses |
| Part of the issue is that … | 部分原因在于…… | Part of the problem is that … |
| rush to do | 急于做 | rush to hire new staff |
| have only so much room for | 空间有限 | We have only so much time and energy. |
| avoid fees | 避免付费 | |
| take a step | 采取措施 | take steps to reduce waste |
| a win-win for A and B | 对 A 和 B 双赢 | a win-win for both sides |
| be eligible to do | 有资格做 | be eligible to apply for the scholarship |
| focus on | 集中于 | |
| save time for everyone involved | 为所有相关的人省时间 | |
| get anywhere close to | 接近（多用于否定） | We haven’t got anywhere close to the goal. |
| sticker shock | 看到价格被吓到 | 阅读表达 |
| price tag | 价格 | the high price tag of university education |
| bring A to a more reasonable level | 把 A 降到更合理水平 | |
| look into doing | 研究做…… | look into the matter |
| cut costs | 降低成本 | |
| divert resources into | 把资源转到 | divert resources into education |
| It is long past time to do | 早就该做了 | It is long past time to take action. |
三、熟词僻义
- line n. 队伍（≠线）：increasingly massive security lines
- down v. 击落（≠向下）：which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea
- drag n. 拖累（≠拖拽 v.）：Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives
- screen v. 安检，筛查（≠屏幕）：airports have only so much room for screening lanes
- check v. 托运（checked baggage，≠检查）：to avoid checked-baggage fees
- process v. 办理（≠过程）：to process their background checks
- sticker n. 价格标签（≠贴纸）：one big reason is sticker shock
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tolerance n. | 容忍 | Q21 [A] | tolerate 的名词 |
| urgency n. | 紧迫性 | Q21 [B] | urgent 紧急的 |
| restriction n. | 限制 | Q22 [A] | restrict 限制 |
| efficiency n. | 效率 | Q22 [B] | efficient 高效的 |
| dramatic adj. | 急剧的 | Q24 [A] | 熟词僻义：≠戏剧的 |
| implementation n. | 实施 | Q24 [B] | implement 实施 |
| reluctance n. | 不情愿 | Q24 [C] | reluctant 不情愿的 |
| back v. | 支持 | Q24 [C] | |
| enrollment n. | 注册，登记 | Q24 [D] | enroll 的名词 |
| belated adj. | 迟来的 | Q25 [B] | be- + late 晚 |
| get stuck in | 困在…… | Q25 [C] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 A | Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety / provides another tragic reminder of why | explain American’s tolerance of current security checks |
| 22 C | combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports | An increase in the number of travelers |
| 23 D | are eligible to use expedited screening lanes / saving time for everyone involved | faster |
| 24 D | one big reason is sticker shock / this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw | an unreasonable price for enrollment |
| 25 C | increasingly massive security lines / most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines | Getting Stuck in Security Lines |
六、长难句
① 破折号总结 + how far 引导的表语从句（开篇）
First two hours, now three hours – this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
- 主干：this is how far in advance …
- this 指破折号前的 two hours / three hours
- how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up：表语从句；recommend (that) people (should) show up 省略 that 和 should
- 译：先是两小时，现在是三小时，这就是有关部门建议人们为赶国内航班提前到场的时间，至少在一些安检队伍越排越长的美国大机场是这样。
② 动名词短语并列作主语（Q21 背景）
But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.
- 主干：demanding … or providing … undermines public support
- 两个动名词短语用 or 连接作主语，谓语用单数 undermines
- demand too much of sb：对某人要求过多
- 译：但如果对乘客要求过多，或者给出的安全回报太少，公众对安检流程的支持就会被削弱。
③ 主语 + combined with 插入 + 谓语（Q22 出处）
Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.
- 主干：Enhanced security measures have resulted in long waits
- combined with …：插入的过去分词短语，补充另一原因
- due to …：原因，修饰 a rise in airline travel
- 译：此后安检措施不断加强，再加上经济好转、油价低迷带来的航空客流增长，芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等大机场都出现了长时间排队。
七、句型
- A are willing to tolerate B in return for C.（权衡取舍） 原句：Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. 套用：Many people are willing to tolerate longer commutes in return for cheaper housing.
- A is a drag on B, not to mention C.（负面叠加） 原句：Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. 套用：Air pollution is a drag on public health, not to mention the economy.
- It is not yet clear how … – but … are obvious.（未知 vs 已知） 原句：It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become – but the lines are obvious. 套用：It is not yet clear how much the new rule has helped – but the costs are obvious.
- Part of the issue is that … Another factor may be that …（分点列原因） 原句：Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. 套用：Part of the issue is that schools have only so much funding. Another factor may be that …
- There is one step A could take that would not require B: …（提出低成本方案） 原句：There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire 套用：There is one step the government could take that would not require huge spending: encourage volunteers.
- It is long past time to make A work.（呼吁收尾） 原句：It is long past time to make the program work. 套用：It is long past time to make the recycling system work.