2016 英语一 Text 2｜英国乡村：人人珍视，却无政党守护
主旨
英国人把乡村视为国家骄傲，政治上却少有支持 → 国民信托的初衷是为城市居民保护自然之美，乡村需要持续守护 → 各大党都不护乡村（保守党让开发优先于保护，工党想取消地方规划，自民党沉默，只有英国独立党站在保护一方）→ 新房应建在基础设施完备的城镇，“住房危机＝草地铺水泥”只是游说说辞 → 开发要有规划，英国半世纪的城乡规划值得珍惜，左右两派应联手守护。
原文：2016 Text 2 · 话题：政治 / 环境 · 答案：26 A｜27 D｜28 C｜29 A｜30 C
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| poll n. | 民意调查 | While polls show | 原义”人头”→ 数人头 → 投票、民调 |
| launch v. | 创办，发起 | Octavia Hill launched the National Trust | |
| rescue v. | 挽救 | not to rescue stylish houses | |
| stylish adj. | 雅致的，时髦的 | stylish houses | |
| dweller n. | 居民 | provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure | dwell 居住 + -er 人 |
| leisure n. | 闲暇，休闲 | spaces for leisure | |
| refreshing adj. | 清新的 | a refreshing air | |
| guardianship n. | 守护，监护 | It needs constant guardianship. | guard 守卫 → guardian 守护者 + -ship 状态 |
| endorse v. | 支持，认可 | endorse this sentiment | en- 在…上 + dors 背 → 在支票背面签字 → 背书、认可 |
| sentiment n. | 情感，观点 | endorse this sentiment | sent = sense 感觉；同根 sensitive |
| explicitly adv. | 明确地 | explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation | ex- 向外 + plic 折叠 → 摊开说 → 明确；反义 implicitly 含蓄地 |
| rural adj. | 乡村的 | rural development | 反义 urban 城市的，成对记 |
| conservation n. | 保护 | priority over conservation | con- + serv 保持 → 保护；同根 conserve, preserve |
| authorise v. | 批准，授权 | even authorising “off-plan” building | author 创始人 → authority 权力 → authorise 授予权力 |
| object v. | 反对 | where local people might object | ob- 逆 + ject 扔 → 扔回去 → 反对 |
| sustainable adj. | 可持续的 | The concept of sustainable development | sus- 下 + tain 握 → 从下托住 → 维持 |
| discontinue v. | 中止，停止 | discontinue local planning | dis- 不 + continue 继续 |
| council n. | 地方议会 | where councils oppose development | 易混：counsel 劝告 |
| plead v. | 恳求 | those pleading for a more considered approach | 名词 plea 恳求 |
| considered adj. | 深思熟虑的 | a more considered approach | consider 的过去分词 → 经过考虑的 |
| terror n. | 恐惧 | struck terror into | terr 恐吓；同根 terrible, terrify |
| infrastructure n. | 基础设施 | where infrastructure is in place | infra- 下 + structure 结构 → 底层结构 |
| intrusion n. | 侵占，侵入 | with no intrusion on green belt | in- 进 + trus 推 → 推进来；动词 intrude |
| meadow n. | 草地 | ”concreted meadows” | |
| lobby n. | 游说（团体） | pure lobby talk / Under lobby pressure | 原义”大厅”→ 在议会大厅拉拢议员 → 游说 |
| renovation n. | 翻新，整修 | urban renovation and renewal | re- 再 + nov 新 → 翻新；同根 novel, innovate |
| renewal n. | 更新，复兴 | urban renovation and renewal | re- 再 + new 新 |
| biased adj. | 有偏见的 | not a free market but a biased one | bias 偏见 → biased |
| ruin v. | 毁坏 | We do not ruin urban conservation areas. | |
| retain v. | 保持，保留 | retain an enviable rural coherence | re- 回 + tain 握 → 握住不放；同族 sustain, obtain |
| enviable adj. | 令人羡慕的 | an enviable rural coherence | envy 羡慕 + -able 可……的 |
| coherence n. | 连贯，整体协调 | an enviable rural coherence | co- 共同 + her 粘 → 粘成一体；同根 adhere |
| density n. | 密度 | low-density urban living | dense 密集的 → density |
| corrupted adj. | 被破坏的，走样的 | the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal | cor- 彻底 + rupt 断 → 彻底破坏；同根 interrupt |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| for the first time in history | 历史上首次 | For the first time in history, more people shop online than in stores. |
| have a curious result | 产生奇特的结果 | have an unexpected / a profound result |
| rate A alongside B as … | 把 A 与 B 并列视为…… | rate health alongside wealth as a key to happiness |
| make sb proud of sth | 使某人为……自豪 | what makes us proudest of our culture；也可用 take pride in |
| limited political support | 有限的政治支持 | limited resources / funding / public attention |
| launch sth | 创办，发起 | launch a campaign / project / initiative |
| provide sb with sth | 为某人提供…… | provide students with access to quality education；= provide sth for sb |
| spaces for leisure | 休闲空间 | public spaces for leisure and recreation |
| lead to the creation of | 促成……的建立 | lead to the creation of jobs / new industries |
| need constant guardianship | 需要持续守护 | need constant attention / care / protection |
| endorse a sentiment | 认同一种情感 / 观点 | endorse a view / proposal / policy |
| give A priority over B | 让 A 优先于 B | give environmental protection priority over short-term profits；也可用 A takes priority over B |
| object (to sth) | 反对 | object to the plan；= oppose / be opposed to |
| sustainable development | 可持续发展 | sustainable growth / lifestyle / energy |
| discontinue sth | 停止，中止 | discontinue a service / programme / policy |
| oppose development | 反对开发 | strongly oppose the proposal |
| side with sb | 站在……一边 | side with the majority / the weak |
| plead for sth | 呼吁，恳求 | plead for more understanding / support |
| a considered approach to doing sth | 对待……的审慎做法 | a more considered approach to using technology（to 是介词，后接 doing） |
| strike terror into sb | 使……恐慌 | 阅读表达；作文可换 cause great concern among sb |
| be in place | 已就位，已落实 | measures / rules are in place；put … in place 落实…… |
| with no intrusion on sth | 不侵占…… | without intrusion on privacy；intrude on sb’s privacy |
| under lobby pressure | 在游说压力下 | under pressure from parents / peers；under financial pressure |
| favour A against B | 偏向 A 而非 B | 作文更常用 favour A over B / prefer A to B |
| urban renovation and renewal | 城市翻新与更新 | urban renewal；rural revitalization 乡村振兴 |
| stick to sth | 局限于；坚持 | stick to one’s principles / plans |
| respect sb’s character | 尊重……的特色 | respect local customs / traditions |
| let rip | 放任不管 | 阅读表达；作文可写 be left unchecked |
| enable sb to do | 使……能够 | enable students to think independently |
| retain sth | 保持，保留 | retain traditional culture / one’s identity |
| permit sth | 允许 | permit students to use phones；= allow |
| unite the left and right of the political spectrum | 团结政治光谱上的左右两派 | unite people from all walks of life；a wide spectrum of opinions 各种各样的观点 |
三、熟词僻义
- curious adj. 奇特的（≠好奇的）：In Britain this has had a curious result.
- rate v. 评价，看待（≠比率）：Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family
- make v. 造出（乡村不可再生）：They don’t make countryside any more
- concrete n. 混凝土（≠具体的）：every year concrete consumes more of it
- consume v. 吞噬（≠消费）：concrete consumes more of it
- province n. 首都以外的地方（the provinces）：even truer of the provinces
- high street n. （英）商业主街：out-of-town shopping sites against high streets
- character n. 风貌，特色（≠性格）：respects their character
- alternative n. 另一种结局（≠备选方案）：There is no doubt of the alternative
- spectrum n. （政治）范围（≠光谱）：the political spectrum
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| back v. | 支持 | Q26 [B] is fully backed by | 后背 → 给人撑腰 → 支持 |
| overshadow v. | 使黯然失色 | Q27 [A] | over 在上 + shadow 影子 → 阴影罩住 |
| reinforce v. | 加强 | Q27 [C] | re- 再 + in + force 力 → 再加力 |
| abandon v. | 放弃 | Q28 [B] | |
| disregard n. | 漠视，忽视 | Q29 [A] | dis- 不 + regard 重视 |
| ease v. | 缓解 | Q29 [B] easing the housing crisis | |
| firm stand against | 坚决反对的立场 | Q29 [C] | |
| prejudice n. | 偏见 | Q29 [D] | pre- 预先 + jud 判断 → 没了解就先下判断 |
| appreciation n. | 赞赏 | Q30 题干 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 26 A | this has limited political support | is not well reflected in politics |
| 27 D | every year concrete consumes more of it | gradually destroyed |
| 28 C | Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land | Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation |
| 29 A | favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal / where building sticks to their edges and respects their character | shows his disregard for the character of rural areas |
| 30 C | Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence | the town-and-country planning in Britain |
六、长难句
① 让步 + 名词性从句（Q26 出处）
While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
- 主干：this has limited political support（this 指英国人对乡村的这份感情）
- While 从句：表让步，“虽然”；内部是 polls show (that) Britons rate …
- rate A alongside B as …：把 A 与 B 并列视为……
- what makes them proudest of their country：what 引导的名词性从句，作 as 的宾语
- 译：虽然民调显示，英国人把”乡村”与王室、莎士比亚、国民医疗服务体系并列为最让他们为国家自豪的东西，但这份感情在政治上却少有支持。
② 分词插入 + 分词后置定语（Q28 出处）
Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.
- 主干：Only Ukip has sided with those
- sensing its chance：分词短语插在主谓之间作状语，“嗅到了机会”
- pleading for …：现在分词作后置定语修饰 those，= those who are pleading for
- approach to using：to 是介词，后接动名词
- 译：只有英国独立党嗅到了机会，站到了那些呼吁更审慎使用绿地的人一边。
③ enable sb to do + while doing（Q30 出处）
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.
- 主干：Half a century of planning has enabled it to retain … coherence（it 指英国）
- enable sb to do：使……能够做
- while still permitting …：while + 分词，“同时还……”，主语仍是 planning
- 译：半个世纪的城乡规划让英国保住了令人羡慕的乡村整体风貌，同时仍允许城市维持低密度居住。
七、句型
- not to do A but to do B（目的对比） 原句：launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” 套用：The rule was introduced not to restrict students but to protect them.
- The issue is not A but, as always, B.（纠正焦点） 原句：The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. 套用：The issue is not whether we should use technology but, as always, how to use it wisely.
- What is true of A is even truer of B.（类推加强） 原句：What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. 套用：What is true of adults is even truer of teenagers.
- This is not A but B.（定性纠偏） 原句：This is not a free market but a biased one. 套用：This is not real progress but a costly illusion.
- A should be done, not let rip.（主张管控） 原句：Development should be planned, not let rip. 套用：Technology should be regulated, not left unchecked.
- We do not do A. Why do B?（反问类比） 原句：We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? 套用：We do not tolerate cheating in exams. Why tolerate it in research?
- Doing A rather than B should unite …（号召收尾） 原句：Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum. 套用：Protecting the environment rather than exploiting it should unite people from all walks of life.