2016 英语一 Text 1｜时尚业的身材审美：法律严惩还是行业自律
主旨
法国立法禁用过瘦模特、封禁煽动极端节食的网站 → 作者肯定其动机：美不应以损害健康为代价，时尚业要为传递给女性的审美信号负责 → 但批评法国过度依赖严惩 → 对比丹麦：行业伦理章程 + 点名羞辱 → 结论：伦理劝说优于法律，更好的是让美的观念超越物质标准。
原文：2016 Text 1 · 话题：社会 / 时尚 · 答案：21 A｜22 D｜23 D｜24 C｜25 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| innovator n. | 创新者，引领者 | prides itself as the global innovator of fashion | in- + nov 新 → innovate 创新 |
| preliminary adj. | 初步的 | gave preliminary approval last week to a law | pre- 在前 + limin 门槛 → 进门之前 |
| ultra-thin adj. | 极瘦的 | employ ultra-thin models on runways | ultra 超 + thin |
| incite v. | 煽动，激起 | incite excessive thinness | in- + cite 唤起 |
| excessive adj. | 过度的 | incite excessive thinness | exceed 超过 → excess |
| uplifting adj. | 积极向上的，振奋的 | a couple of uplifting motives | up + lift 举起 |
| motive n. | 动机 | a couple of uplifting motives | mot 动；同根 motion |
| impinge on v. | 侵害，损害 | looks that end up impinging on health | |
| enforce v. | 执行，实施 | The bans, if fully enforced | en- 使 + force 力 |
| enforcement n. | 执行 | rely more on peer pressure for enforcement | |
| arbiter n. | 评判者，裁决者 | let others be arbiters of their beauty | 同根 arbitrary 武断的 |
| faintly adv. | 隐约地 | perhaps faintly, they hint that | faint 微弱的 |
| hint v. | 暗示 | they hint that people should | |
| intangible adj. | 无形的 | intangible qualities like character and intellect | in- 不 + tang 触摸 → 摸不着 |
| intellect n. | 才智 | character and intellect | intel 之间 + lect 选 → 会辨别 |
| physique n. | 体格，体形 | wasp-waist physiques | phys 身体；同根 physical |
| wasp-waist adj. | 蜂腰的，腰极细的 | wasp-waist physiques | wasp 黄蜂 + waist 腰 |
| severe adj. | 严厉的 | rely too much on severe punishment | |
| skin-deep adj. | 肤浅的，表面的 | regards beauty as skin-deep | 只有皮肤那么深 |
| inherent adj. | 固有的 | an inherent problem | in- + her 粘 → 粘在内部 |
| adornment n. | 装饰，打扮 | material adornment | adorn 装饰 |
| idealized adj. | 理想化的 | idealized body types | ideal + -ize |
| voluntary adj. | 自愿的 | set voluntary standards for models | volunt 意愿；同根 volunteer |
| sanction n. | 制裁，处罚 | rules and sanctions | |
| revise v. | 修订 | The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter | re- 再 + vis 看 → 再看一遍 |
| charter n. | 章程，宪章 | Danish Fashion Ethical Charter | |
| compliance n. | 遵守，服从 | a name-and-shame method of compliance | comply 遵守 |
| persuasion n. | 劝说 | ethical persuasion rather than law | persuade 劝说 |
| misuse n. | 滥用，误用 | the misuse of body ideals | mis- 错 + use |
| elevate v. | 提升 | help elevate notions of beauty | e- 出 + lev 举 → 举起来 |
| notion n. | 观念 | elevate notions of beauty | not 知道；同根 notice |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| pride oneself as / on | 以……自居 / 自豪 | China prides itself on its long history. |
| give preliminary approval to | 初步批准 | give approval to a plan |
| make it a crime to do | 使做……成为犯罪 | make it a rule to do sth 把做……定为规矩 |
| end up doing | 最终落得…… | Many people end up spending more than they earn. |
| go beyond doing | 不止于…… | Education should go beyond passing exams. |
| starve oneself to death | 把自己饿死 | |
| take responsibility for | 为……负责 | take responsibility for one’s actions |
| send a signal to sb | 向某人传递信号 | send a wrong signal to young people |
| determine one’s worth | 决定某人的价值 | Grades should not determine a student’s worth. |
| look to sth | 转而重视 / 指望 | look to inner qualities rather than appearance |
| diet one’s way to | 靠节食达到 | |
| rely too much on | 过度依赖 | rely too much on smartphones |
| regard A as B | 把 A 视为 B | |
| result in | 导致 | result in a heavy fine |
| set standards for | 为……设立标准 | set standards for food safety |
| peer pressure | 同侪压力 | resist peer pressure |
| in contrast to | 与……形成对比 | In contrast to city life, rural life is slow. |
| agree on | 就……达成一致 | agree on a plan |
| be aware of | 意识到 | be aware of the risks |
| deny access for A to B | 禁止 A 进入 B | deny students access to the Internet |
| name-and-shame | 点名羞辱（的） | 阅读表达 |
| address the misuse of | 解决……的滥用 | address the misuse of antibiotics |
| ethical persuasion | 伦理劝说 | moral education 道德教育 |
| elevate notions of | 提升……的观念 | elevate public awareness |
三、熟词僻义
- runway n. T 台（≠跑道）：employ ultra-thin models on runways
- tape-measure n. 卷尺 → 衡量标准：the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth
- worth n. 价值（名词）：determine their individual worth
- character n. 品格（≠字符 / 角色）：intangible qualities like character and intellect
- material adj. 物质的，外在的（≠材料）：material adornment
- address v. 解决，处理（≠地址）：to address the misuse of body ideals
- size zero 零码（极瘦的服装尺码）：dieting their way to size zero
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| redefine v. | 重新定义 | Q21 [A] | re- + define |
| thrive v. | 兴旺，繁荣 | Q21 [C] | |
| decline v. | 衰落 | Q21 [D] | de- 向下 + cline 倾斜 |
| heighten v. | 提高，加强 | Q22 [B] | height + -en |
| lose faith in | 对……失去信心 | Q22 [C] | |
| do harm to | 损害 | Q22 [D] | |
| threshold n. | 门槛 | Q24 [D] | |
| dilemma n. | 困境，两难 | Q25 [C] | di- 二 + lemma 命题 |
| struggle n. | 斗争 | Q25 [B] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 A | has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women | Physical beauty would be redefined |
| 22 D | end up impinging on health（下文 starving themselves to death） | doing harm to |
| 23 D | it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images / The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter | New standards are being set in Denmark |
| 24 C | agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models | showing little concern for health factors |
| 25 D | take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals | A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals |
六、长难句
① 非限制性定语从句 + 省略 that 的宾语从句（Q21 出处）
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.
- 主干：France has decided (that) its fashion industry has lost an absolute right
- which prides itself as …：非限制性定语从句，插在主谓之间
- to define physical beauty for women：不定式修饰 right
- 译：一向以全球时尚引领者自居的法国认定，本国时尚业已不再拥有为女性定义形体美的绝对权力。
② 宾语从句中套两层省略关系词的定语从句（Q25 背景）
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
- 主干：It tells the fashion industry that …
- the signal (that) it sends women … about …：省略关系词的定语从句修饰 signal
- the social tape-measure (that) they must use to …：省略关系词的定语从句修饰 tape-measure
- 译：它告诉时尚业，必须为自己向女性，尤其是少女传递的信号负责，这种信号关乎她们用来衡量个人价值的社会标尺。
③ however 插入 + that 定语从句 + 破折号补充（批评法国）
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing.
- 主干：The French measures rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture
- however：插入，表转折
- that still regards beauty as …：定语从句修饰 culture；regard A as B
- 破折号后 and bone-showing：补充讽刺，“美就是瘦到露骨”
- 译：然而，法国的措施过于依赖严惩，想借此改变一种至今仍把美视为肤浅外表、甚至以瘦到露骨为美的文化。
七、句型
- Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. … That’s a start.（先肯定动机） 原句：Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. 套用：Such measures have a couple of positive motives. That’s a start.
- A, if fully enforced, would suggest to B that …（假设效果） 原句：The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. 套用：The rule, if fully enforced, would suggest to students that honesty matters more than scores.
- A knows it has an inherent problem in doing B.（承认问题） 原句：The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. 套用：The advertising industry knows it has an inherent problem in selling unrealistic dreams.
- In contrast to A’s actions, B …（对比两种做法） 原句：In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. 套用：In contrast to strict bans, some schools teach students how to use phones wisely.
- Relying on A rather than B to address C may be the best step. Even better would be to …（递进式建议） 原句：Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 套用：Relying on education rather than punishment to address cheating may be the best step. Even better would be to change how we define success.