2015 英语一 Text 4｜窃听丑闻背后：利润至上导致道德缺席
主旨
伊丽莎白·默多克指出许多机构”令人不安地缺乏诚信”，原因是社会集体默认利润和市场是唯一的”分配机制”，而社会本应由人来创造 → 缺乏道德目标让新闻国际这样的公司迷失方向，出现大规模非法窃听 → 窃听案审结（一人有罪、一人无罪），但诚信缺失的更大问题仍在，此事远未结束 → 缺乏道德目标不仅导致窃听，也决定了审判的走向：布鲁克斯对编辑部的事一无所知、从不过问，这竟成了她成功的辩护 → 高管不对所管机构负责已成常态；一代人以来，效率、股东价值等词占据中心，正义、公平、问责被边缘化 → 该报的目的不是促进理解、公正写作，而是为发行量不惜毁掉他人生活。
原文：2015 Text 4 · 话题：媒体 / 伦理 · 答案：36 A｜37 B｜38 A｜39 C｜40 B
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| unsettling adj. | 令人不安的 | unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions | un- + settle 安定 |
| dearth n. | 缺乏 | unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions | dear 珍贵 → 稀少才珍贵 |
| integrity n. | 正直，诚信 | unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions | integr 完整 |
| collective adj. | 集体的 | a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market | collect 收集 |
| mechanism n. | 机制 | a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market | |
| apparent adj. | 明显的 | It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose | appear 出现 |
| absence n. | 缺失 | It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose | absent 缺席的 |
| capitalism n. | 资本主义 | one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom | capital 资本 |
| wound v. | 伤害 | was wounding companies such as News International | |
| hacking n. | 窃听，黑客入侵 | widespread illegal telephone hacking | hack 劈，砍 → 入侵 |
| conspire v. | 密谋 | for conspiring to hack phones | con- 共同 + spire 呼吸 → 同一个鼻孔出气 |
| predecessor n. | 前任 | his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge | pre- 在前 + decess 离开 |
| innocent adj. | 无罪的 | his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge | in- 不 + noc 伤害 |
| acknowledge v. | 承认 | as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire | |
| unfold v. | 展开，发展 | This long story still unfolds. | un- + fold 折叠 → 打开 |
| astonishing adj. | 令人震惊的 | One of the astonishing revelations | |
| revelation n. | 披露的事 | One of the astonishing revelations | reveal 揭示 |
| inquire v. | 询问 | she never inquired how the stories arrived | in- + quire 寻求 |
| defence n. | 辩护 | The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing | defend 辩护 |
| accountable adj. | 负有责任的 | should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run | account 交代 |
| doctrine n. | 信条，教条 | the collective doctrine | doct 教；同根 doctor |
| degrade v. | 贬低，降级 | Words degraded to the margin | de- 向下 + grade 等级 |
| proportionality n. | 相称性，适度原则 | justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability | proportion 比例 |
| accountability n. | 问责 | justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability | accountable |
| humanity n. | 人性 | to betray any common humanity | human |
| quest n. | 追求 | in the quest for circulation and impact | 同根 question, request |
| suspicion n. | 怀疑 | may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories | suspect 怀疑 |
| instruction n. | 指示 | gave no instructions | instruct 指导 |
| traceable adj. | 可追溯的 | traceable, recorded answers | trace 追踪 + -able |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| speak of | 谈到 | |
| a dearth of | 缺乏 | a dearth of talent / evidence |
| a collective acceptance that | 普遍接受…… | |
| drive one’s point home | 把观点讲透 | drive home the message |
| the absence of | ……的缺失 | the absence of rules |
| lose one’s way | 迷失方向 | lose their way in the pursuit of profit |
| find sb guilty / innocent of | 判某人有罪 / 无罪 | |
| conspire to do | 密谋做 | |
| still stand | 依然存在 | The problem still stands. |
| on an industrial scale | 大规模地 | on a large scale |
| await trial | 等待审判 | |
| in many respects | 在很多方面 | In many respects, the change is positive. |
| take place | 发生 | |
| think to ask | 想到去问 | |
| be accountable for | 对……负责 | be accountable for one’s decisions |
| for a generation | 一代人以来 | |
| degrade to the margin | 被边缘化 | = be marginalized |
| promote understanding | 促进理解 | promote mutual understanding |
| in the quest for | 在追求……的过程中 | in the quest for profit / fame |
| have suspicions about | 对……有怀疑 | |
| ask no questions | 不闻不问 |
三、熟词僻义
- sorting n. 分配，筛选（sorting mechanism 社会分配机制）：the only “sorting mechanism” in society
- wound v. 伤害（≠伤口 n.）：was wounding companies such as News International
- conclude v. 结束（≠得出结论）：As the hacking trial concludes
- stand v. 依然存在（≠站立）：the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands
- frame v. 构成……的框架（≠框架 n.）：frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking
- terms n. 条件，基础（≠术语 / 学期）：the terms on which the trial took place
- story n. 事件（≠故事）：This long story still unfolds.
- margin n. 边缘（≠页边空白 / 利润率）：Words degraded to the margin
- betray v. 流露，表现出（≠背叛）：to betray any common humanity
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be upset by | 为……烦恼 | Q36 题干 | |
| immoral adj. | 不道德的 | Q36 [B] | im- 不 + moral |
| ineffectiveness n. | 无效 | Q36 [C] | in- + effective |
| misuse n. | 滥用 | Q36 [D] | |
| deny v. | 否认 | Q37 [A] | |
| convincing adj. | 令人信服的 | Q38 [A] | convince 说服 |
| trivial adj. | 琐碎的 | Q38 [B] | tri 三 + via 路 → 三岔路口的闲谈 |
| cunning adj. | 狡猾的 | Q38 [C] | |
| conspiracy n. | 阴谋 | Q38 [D] | conspire |
| marginalized adj. | 边缘化的 | Q39 [A] | margin 边缘 |
| distribution n. | 分配 | Q39 [B] | distribute |
| distorted adj. | 扭曲的 | Q39 [C] | dis- + tort 扭 |
| rigid adj. | 僵化的 | Q39 [D] | |
| awareness n. | 意识 | Q40 [B] | aware 意识到的 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 A | Integrity had collapsed / a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market | the consequences of the current sorting mechanism |
| 37 B | Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. | more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking |
| 38 A | how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom / The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing | was hardly convincing |
| 39 C | Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability | generally distorted values |
| 40 B | The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity | Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper |
六、长难句
① 插入语 + because of + 同位语从句（Q36 出处）
Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.
- 主干：Integrity had collapsed because of a collective acceptance
- she argued：插入语
- that the only “sorting mechanism” …：同位语从句，解释 acceptance
- 译：她认为，诚信之所以崩塌，是因为人们普遍接受了这样一种观念：社会中唯一的”分配机制”应当是利润和市场。
② as 时间从句 + 破折号中两个并列分词短语（Q37 背景）
As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge – the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.
- 主干：the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands
- As the hacking trial concludes：时间状语
- 破折号中间：finding sb guilty … / finding sb innocent …，两个分词短语说明审判结果；find guilty 后宾语太长，所以 guilty 提前
- 译：随着窃听案审判结束，《世界新闻报》前编辑安迪·库尔森被判密谋窃听罪名成立，其前任丽贝卡·布鲁克斯被判同一罪名不成立，但诚信缺失这一更大的问题依然存在。
③ 表语是三个并列成分（Q38 出处）
One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.
- 主干：One of the astonishing revelations was A, B and C
- A：how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on …（表语从句，内含 what 宾语从句）
- B：how little she thought to ask
- C：the fact that she never inquired how …（同位语从句，内含 how 宾语从句）
- 译：令人震惊的披露之一是：丽贝卡·布鲁克斯对自己编辑部里发生的事知之甚少，也很少想到过问，而且从未询问过那些新闻是怎么来的。
七、句型
- It’s us, …, who create A, not B.（强调人的主体性） 原句：it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit. 套用：It’s us, not technology, who decide what kind of future we want.
- It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of A could become …（警示缺失的后果） 原句：It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom. 套用：It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of reading could become one of the biggest threats to young minds.
- In many respects, A frames not only B but C.（揭示深层影响） 原句：In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. 套用：In many respects, the lack of trust shapes not only how people shop but how they live.
- In today’s world, it has become normal that … Perhaps we should not be so surprised.（批判常态） 原句：In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. 套用：In today’s world, it has become normal that people check their phones at dinner. Perhaps we should not be so surprised.
- The words that have mattered are A. Words degraded to the margin have been B.（价值对比） 原句：The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value 套用：The words that have mattered are speed and profit; words degraded to the margin have been quality and care.
- The purpose of A was not to … It was to …（揭露真实目的） 原句：It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. 套用：The purpose of the campaign was not to inform people. It was to sell more products.