2015 英语一 Text 3｜《科学》杂志加一道统计关
主旨
《科学》杂志宣布在同行评审中加一轮统计检查：此前已有其他期刊这样做，起因是人们普遍担心数据分析的基本错误让大量研究结果无法复现 → 杂志与美国统计协会合作，设立统计审稿委员会，被标记的稿件交外部统计学家审阅 → 委员会成员称其富有远见，有望成为其他期刊的范例 → 研究方法专家：这一步早该迈出，如今多数论文的统计审查比专家审查更重要 → 细胞生物学家：统计错误常见得惊人，期刊应更严格；但这一做法有弱点，要靠编辑委员会先识别哪些论文需要审查。
原文：2015 Text 3 · 话题：科研 / 学术出版 · 答案：31 B｜32 C｜33 D｜34 C｜35 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| statistical adj. | 统计的 | is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process | statistics 统计学 |
| editor-in-chief n. | 主编 | editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt | chief 首领 |
| widespread adj. | 普遍的 | after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis | wide + spread |
| irreproducibility n. | 不可复现性 | the irreproducibility of many published research findings | ir- 不 + reproduce 复制 + -ibility |
| editorial n. | 社论 | writes McNutt in an editorial | editor 编辑 |
| appoint v. | 任命 | the journal has appointed seven experts | ap- + point 指 → 指定 |
| manuscript n. | 稿件 | Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny | manu 手 + script 写 → 手写稿 |
| scrutiny n. | 仔细审查 | Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny | 动词 scrutinize |
| internal adj. | 内部的 | the journal’s internal editors | 反义 external |
| external adj. | 外部的 | find external statisticians to review these manuscripts | ex- 外 |
| statistician n. | 统计学家 | find external statisticians to review these manuscripts | |
| impel v. | 促使 | whether any particular papers had impelled the change | im- + pel 推 |
| motivate v. | 激发，推动 | was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics | motive 动机 |
| reproducibility n. | 可复现性 | increase reproducibility in the research we publish | reproduce + -ibility |
| biostatistician n. | 生物统计学家 | a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health | bio 生物 + statistician |
| advisory adj. | 顾问的，咨询的 | play primarily an advisory role | advise 建议 |
| foresight n. | 远见 | found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE | fore- 预先 + sight 看 |
| establishment n. | 设立 | found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE | establish 建立 |
| physician n. | 内科医生 | a physician who studies research methodology | 易混 physicist 物理学家 |
| methodology n. | 方法论 | a physician who studies research methodology | method 方法 + -ology 学 |
| overdue adj. | 早该有的 | long overdue | over 超过 + due 到期 |
| biomedical adj. | 生物医学的 | biomedical journals | bio + medical |
| alarmingly adv. | 惊人地 | statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research | alarm 警报 |
| literate adj. | 精通……的 | engaging reviewers who are statistically literate | liter 文字 → 识字 → 懂行 |
| verify v. | 核实 | editors who can verify the process | ver 真 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| add an extra round of | 增加一轮…… | add an extra layer of protection |
| follow similar efforts from | 效仿……的类似做法 | |
| contribute to | 导致，促成 | Lack of sleep contributes to poor performance. |
| have confidence in | 信任 | have confidence in the results |
| work with | 与……合作 | |
| appoint A to B | 任命 A 进入 B | |
| flag up | 标出 | flag up problems / errors |
| be motivated by | 由……推动 | be motivated by curiosity |
| be part of an overall drive to do | 是……整体行动的一部分 | be part of a nationwide drive to cut waste |
| play an advisory role | 起顾问作用 | play a key role in … |
| have a lasting impact | 产生持久影响 | have a lasting impact on society |
| model A after B | 仿照 B 塑造 A | model their approach after Science |
| a most welcome step forward | 非常可喜的一步 | |
| long overdue | 早该如此 | Reform is long overdue. |
| be weak in | 在……方面薄弱 | |
| pay strong attention to | 高度重视 | pay close attention to details |
| be expected to do | 被期望做 | |
| take a tougher line | 采取更强硬的态度 | take a tougher line on cheating |
| have some merit | 有可取之处 | The idea has some merit. |
| rely on A to do | 依赖 A 做 | |
| in the first place | 首先，一开始 |
三、熟词僻义
- round n. 一轮（≠圆的）：an extra round of statistical checks
- board n. 委员会（≠木板）：its existing Board of Reviewing Editors
- flag v. 标记（≠旗帜）：Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny
- panel n. 专家小组（≠面板）：The SBoRE panel
- paper n. 论文（≠纸）：whether any particular papers had impelled the change
- drive n. 行动，运动（≠驾驶）：Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility
- novel adj. 新颖的（≠小说）：novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact
- engage v. 聘请（≠参与 / 订婚）：engaging reviewers who are statistically literate
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| simplify v. | 简化 | Q31 [A] | simple + -ify |
| strengthen v. | 加强 | Q31 [B] | strength + -en |
| revise v. | 修改 | Q32 [B] | |
| pose a threat to | 对……构成威胁 | Q33 [A] | |
| meet with opposition | 遭到反对 | Q33 [B] | |
| circulation n. | 发行量 | Q33 [C] | |
| set an example for | 为……树立榜样 | Q33 [D] | |
| workload n. | 工作量 | Q34 [A] | work + load 负荷 |
| diminish v. | 削弱 | Q34 [B] | di- + min 小 |
| foreseeable adj. | 可预见的 | Q34 [D] | fore- + see + -able |
| push n. | 推动（行动） | Q35 [A] join push to | |
| screen v. | 筛查 | Q35 [A] | |
| deserve v. | 值得 | Q35 [B] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 31 B | is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process / The policy follows similar efforts from other journals | journals are strengthening their statistical checks |
| 32 C | Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny | marked |
| 33 D | may want to model their approach after Science | set an example for other journals |
| 34 C | has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors | has room for further improvement |
| 35 A | is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process | Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers |
六、长难句
① after + 名词 + 同位语从句（Q31 出处）
The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.
- 主干：The policy follows similar efforts from other journals
- after widespread concern：时间 / 原因状语
- that basic mistakes … are contributing to …：同位语从句，解释 concern
- 译：此前其他期刊也有类似举措。人们普遍担心，数据分析中的基本错误正导致许多已发表的研究结果无法复现。
② not only … but … + 定语从句（Q33 出处）
This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.
- 主干：This impact will not only be through A, but (hopefully) through B
- not only … but (also) …：连接两个 through 介词短语
- that may want to model …：定语从句修饰 publishing places；model A after B 仿效 B
- 译：这种影响不仅会体现在《科学》杂志自身的出版物上，还有望通过更多出版机构体现出来，它们可能会仿效《科学》的做法。
③ 插入语 + but also + 两个并列定语从句（Q34 背景）
Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.
- 主干：Researchers should improve …, but journals should also take a tougher line
- he wrote in 2012：插入语
- engaging reviewers … and editors …：现在分词作方式状语，说明怎样”更严格”
- who are … / who can …：两个定语从句分别修饰 reviewers / editors
- 译：他在 2012 年写道，研究人员应当提高标准，但期刊也应采取更严格的态度，“聘请精通统计的审稿人和能核实流程的编辑”。
七、句型
- Readers must have confidence in …（强调信任） 原句：Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal 套用：Consumers must have confidence in the food they buy.
- A was motivated by concerns broadly with B.（说明动因） 原句：was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research 套用：The reform was motivated by concerns broadly with students’ mental health.
- A is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”.（高度肯定） 原句：the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue” 套用：The new law is a most welcome step forward and long overdue.
- For the majority of …, A is more essential than B.（比较重要性） 原句：for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review 套用：For the majority of students nowadays, practical skills are more essential than exam scores.
- A are expected to …, but … are alarmingly common.（期望与现实反差） 原句：Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyse data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research 套用：Adults are expected to set a good example, but rule-breaking is alarmingly common.
- A has some merit, but a weakness is that …（辩证评价） 原句：has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors 套用：The plan has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies too much on volunteers.