2015 英语一 Text 2｜搜查手机：新技术需要新的宪法解释
主旨
最高法院将审理：警察逮捕时能否无搜查令查看手机内容 → 加州希望法院别做全面裁决，理由是法官难以评估新技术的影响 → 作者：听加州的话法院就是”鲁莽地保守”，影响已足够明显，应给出新指引 → 首先要抛弃加州的蹩脚论点：搜手机不像翻钱包，更像进入某人的家（手机里有阅读、财务、医疗、通信记录）→ 存敏感信息已是生活必需，公民有权期待隐私受宪法保护；划界虽难，但多数情况下申请搜查令并不麻烦 → 颠覆性技术要求宪法保护的新应用：就像 20 世纪为汽车定新规，现在要厘清第四修正案如何适用于数字信息。
原文：2015 Text 2 · 话题：法律 / 隐私 · 答案：26 C｜27 A｜28 D｜29 D｜30 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| warrant n. | 搜查令，授权令 | without a warrant | |
| arrest n. | 逮捕 | during an arrest | |
| refrain v. | 克制，避免 | to refrain from a sweeping ruling | |
| sweeping adj. | 全面的，笼统的 | to refrain from a sweeping ruling | sweep 横扫 |
| assumption n. | 假设 | one that upsets the old assumption | assume 假定 |
| possession n. | 财物 | the possessions of suspects | possess 拥有 |
| suspect n. | 嫌疑人 | the possessions of suspects | |
| implication n. | 影响，含义 | the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies | im- + plic 折叠 |
| recklessly adv. | 鲁莽地 | The court would be recklessly modest | reck 顾虑 + -less → 不顾后果 |
| discernable adj. | 可辨别的 | Enough of the implications are discernable | discern 辨别 |
| defendant n. | 被告 | police, lawyers and defendants | defend 辩护 |
| discard v. | 抛弃 | discarding California’s lame argument | dis- 去 + card 牌 → 扔掉牌 |
| storehouse n. | 仓库，宝库 | a vast storehouse of digital information | store + house |
| purse n. | 钱包 | going through a suspect’s purse | |
| amendment n. | 修正案 | the Fourth Amendment | amend 修正 |
| arrestee n. | 被捕者 | the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee | arrest + -ee 被……的人 |
| correspondence n. | 通信 | comprehensive records of recent correspondence | correspond 通信 |
| prohibition n. | 禁止 | the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches | prohibit 禁止 |
| burdensome adj. | 繁重的 | it would not be overly burdensome | burden 负担 + -some |
| invalidate v. | 使无效 | They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections | in- 不 + valid 有效 |
| erase v. | 删除 | are not erased or altered | e- 出 + rase 擦 |
| alter v. | 更改 | are not erased or altered | alter 其他 → 变成别的 |
| cite v. | 援引 | to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom | |
| disruptive adj. | 颠覆性的 | New, disruptive technology | dis- + rupt 破 |
| accessibility n. | 可获取性 | the explosion and accessibility of digital information | access 获取 |
| specify v. | 明确规定 | had to specify novel rules | specific 具体的 |
| domain n. | 领域 | the new personal domain of the passenger car | dom 家 → 所辖范围 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| ask sb to refrain from | 请某人避免 | Please refrain from smoking. |
| a sweeping ruling | 全面裁决 | sweeping changes / reforms |
| upset the assumption that | 推翻……的假设 | |
| search through | 搜查，翻找 | |
| at the time of | 在……时 | |
| assess the implications of | 评估……的影响 | assess the implications of AI |
| follow one’s advice | 听从某人建议 | |
| provide updated guidelines to | 为……提供最新指引 | |
| start by doing | 首先做 | |
| be similar to | 与……相似 | |
| go through | 翻查 | |
| be more like doing | 更像是做 | |
| take steps to protect | 采取措施保护 | take steps to protect personal privacy |
| a requirement of normal life | 正常生活的必需 | |
| have a right to expect | 有权期待 | Citizens have a right to expect clean air. |
| As so often is the case, | 正如常见的情况 | As so often is the case, easy answers do not exist. |
| ease the challenge of | 减轻……的挑战 | |
| obtain a warrant | 获取搜查令 | |
| take reasonable measures to ensure | 采取合理措施确保 | take effective measures to ensure food safety |
| allow room for | 留有余地 | allow room for improvement |
| be entitled to | 有权享有 | Everyone is entitled to education. |
| swallow sth whole | 全盘接受 | 阅读表达 |
| demand novel applications of | 要求……的新应用 | |
| compare A with B | 把 A 与 B 相比 | |
| a virtual necessity of life | 事实上的生活必需品 | Smartphones have become a virtual necessity of life. |
| sort out | 理清，解决 | sort out the problem |
三、熟词僻义
- justice n. 大法官（≠正义）：California has asked the justices
- upset v. 推翻（≠使心烦）：one that upsets the old assumption
- modest adj. 保守的（≠谦虚）：The court would be recklessly modest
- lame adj. 站不住脚的（≠瘸的）：discarding California’s lame argument
- say 比如（插入语，≠说）：is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse
- swallow v. 轻信，全盘接受（≠吞咽）：should not swallow California’s argument whole
- novel adj. 新颖的（≠小说）：novel applications of the Constitution’s protections
- virtual adj. 实际上的（≠虚拟的）：a virtual necessity of life
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| work out | 弄清，确定 | Q26 题干 | |
| legitimate adj. | 合法的 | Q26 题干 | legi 法律 |
| authorize v. | 授权 | Q26 [C] | author → authority |
| prohibit v. | 禁止 | Q26 [D] | pro- 在前 + hibit 拿住 |
| disapproval n. | 不赞成 | Q27 [A] | dis- + approval |
| indifference n. | 漠不关心 | Q27 [B] | |
| comparable adj. | 可比的 | Q28 题干 comparable to | compare + -able |
| residence n. | 住所 | Q28 [D] | reside 居住 |
| scan v. | 浏览，扫描 | Q28 [C] | |
| implement v. | 实施 | Q30 [A] | |
| reinterpretation n. | 重新解释 | Q30 [D] | re- + interpret |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 26 C | whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant | check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized |
| 27 A | The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice / discarding California’s lame argument | disapproval |
| 28 D | But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. | getting into one’s residence |
| 29 D | Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private / stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing | citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected |
| 30 D | New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections | new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution |
六、长难句
① 同位语 + 定语从句 + 同位语从句（Q26 / Q27 背景）
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
- 主干：California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling
- particularly one …：one 指代 a sweeping ruling，作同位语
- that upsets the old assumption：定语从句修饰 one
- that authorities may search through …：同位语从句，解释 assumption
- 译：加州请求大法官们不要作出全面裁决，尤其不要推翻那条由来已久的假设：当局可以在逮捕嫌疑人时搜查其随身物品。
② 同位语从句 + 破折号插入 + 插入语 say（Q27 / Q28 出处）
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone – a vast storehouse of digital information – is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse.
- 主干：They should start by discarding California’s lame argument
- that exploring … is similar to …：同位语从句，解释 argument；从句主语是动名词短语
- 破折号中间：同位语，解释 smartphone
- say：插入语，“比如说”
- 译：首先，他们应当摒弃加州那个站不住脚的论点：查看智能手机这个巨大的数字信息库，就好比翻查嫌疑人的钱包。
③ compare A with B + as 补足语（Q30 出处）
Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th
- 主干：Orin Kerr compares A with B
- A：the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century
- B：the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th（century 承前省略）
- 译：法学教授奥林·克尔把 21 世纪数字信息的爆炸式增长和普及，与 20 世纪汽车成为几乎不可或缺的生活必需品相提并论。
七、句型
- Just how much does A protect B?（设问开篇） 原句：Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? 套用：Just how much does social media affect our mental health?
- It is hard, the state argues, for A to assess …（插入语引述对方观点） 原句：It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. 套用：It is hard, some argue, for parents to keep up with new apps.
- A would be recklessly B if it followed C’s advice.（批驳对方建议） 原句：The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. 套用：The school would be foolishly cautious if it followed that advice.
- A should take steps to protect B. But … is increasingly a requirement of normal life.（个人责任 + 现实处境） 原句：Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. 套用：People should take steps to protect their privacy. But sharing information online is increasingly a requirement of normal life.
- As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of …（原则易说，落实难） 原句：As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. 套用：As so often is the case, stating the goal doesn’t ease the challenge of putting it into practice.
- New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of …（呼吁与时俱进） 原句：New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. 套用：New technology sometimes demands new ways of teaching.