2015 英语一 Text 1｜西班牙国王退位：欧洲君主制的一课
主旨
西班牙国王卡洛斯曾说”国王不退位，只会在睡梦中死去”，却因丑闻和左翼共和派得势而食言下台 → 这是否意味君主制末日将至？→ 君主制的优点：民意分裂时，君主能超越政治、象征民族团结；欧洲王室得以存续，是因为选民不必费力寻找一位无争议又受尊敬的国家元首 → 缺点：王室历史与做派体现过时的特权与不平等，在贫富差距扩大之际显得荒诞 → 成功的王室努力放下贵族做派，但媒体窥探让维持形象越来越难 → 最该警惕的是英国王室：女王靠平实形象维护声誉，查尔斯却生活奢华、等级观念重，不明白君主制存续靠的是提供服务；历史表明，君主制最大的敌人是国王自己。
原文：2015 Text 1 · 话题：政治 / 社会 · 答案：21 D｜22 C｜23 B｜24 A｜25 C
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| abdicate v. | 退位 | kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep | ab- 离开 + dic 宣布 → 宣布离开王位 |
| scandal n. | 丑闻 | embarrassing scandals | |
| republican adj. | 共和派的 | the popularity of the republican left | republic 共和国 |
| monarchy n. | 君主制 | monarchy is seeing its last days | mon(o) 单一 + archy 统治 |
| royal n. | 王室成员 | the writing is on the wall for all European royals | |
| magnificent adj. | 华丽的，宏伟的 | with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles | magn 大 |
| majestic adj. | 威严的，庄严的 | with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles | majesty 陛下，威严 |
| polarised adj. | 两极分化的 | When public opinion is particularly polarised | pole 极 |
| regime n. | 政权 | following the end of the Franco regime | reg 统治 |
| embody v. | 体现，象征 | ”embody” a spirit of national unity | em- 使 + body 身体 → 使有形体 |
| transcendence n. | 超越 | this apparent transcendence of politics | trans- 越过 + scend 爬 |
| monarch-infested adj. | 君主遍布的 | the most monarch-infested region in the world | infest 大量滋生（原指害虫） |
| absolutist adj. | 专制的 | unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia | absolute 绝对的 → 绝对权力 |
| counterpart n. | 对应者 | unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia | |
| non-controversial adj. | 无争议的 | a non-controversial but respected public figure | |
| downside n. | 缺点，负面 | kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside | 反义 upside |
| symbolic adj. | 象征性的 | Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be | symbol 象征 |
| indefensible adj. | 站不住脚的 | outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities | in- 不 + defend + -ible |
| privilege n. | 特权 | outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities | privi 私人 + leg 法律 → 私人专享的法律 |
| inherit v. | 继承 | the increasing power of inherited wealth | in- + herit 继承 |
| bizarre adj. | 怪异的 | it is bizarre that | |
| aristocratic adj. | 贵族的 | wealthy aristocratic families | aristo 最好的 + cracy 统治 |
| strive v. | 努力 | strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways | |
| intrusiveness n. | 侵扰，窥探 | media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image | intrude 闯入 |
| preserve v. | 维护，保存 | has preserved the monarchy’s reputation | pre- 预先 + serve 保持 |
| reputation n. | 声誉 | has preserved the monarchy’s reputation | |
| well-heeled adj. | 富有的 | if well-heeled | heel 鞋跟 → 鞋跟完好 → 穿得起好鞋 |
| hierarchical adj. | 等级森严的 | a pretty hierarchical view of the world | hier 神圣 + archy 统治 → 教会等级 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| eat one’s words | 收回前言，食言 | 阅读表达；作文可写 take back what one said |
| stand down | 下台，辞职 | = step down |
| see one’s last days | 走向末日 | |
| the writing is on the wall | 不祥之兆已现 | 阅读表达 |
| provide arguments both for and against | 提供正反两方面的论据 | There are arguments both for and against online learning. |
| public opinion | 舆论 | |
| rise above | 超越 | rise above personal interests |
| embody a spirit of | 体现……精神 | embody the spirit of teamwork |
| heads of state | 国家元首 | |
| not counting | 不算 | |
| unlike A | 与 A 不同 | Unlike their parents, young people … |
| allow sb to avoid | 使某人免于 | |
| Even so, | 即便如此 | |
| have a downside | 有弊端 | Every technology has a downside. |
| claim to be | 声称是 | |
| at a time when | 在……之际 | |
| warn of | 警告…… | warn of rising risks |
| strive to do | 努力做 | strive to achieve one’s goals |
| maintain the right image | 维持正面形象 | maintain a good image |
| be smart enough to | 足够聪明以 | |
| for some time to come | 在未来一段时间内 | This trend will continue for some time to come. |
| have most to fear from | 最该担心…… | |
| preserve one’s reputation | 维护声誉 | preserve cultural heritage |
| have an expensive taste | 品味奢侈 | |
| provide a service | 提供服务，发挥职能 | |
| as history shows | 正如历史所示 | As history shows, … |
三、熟词僻义
- writing n. 字迹（the writing is on the wall 不祥之兆，≠写作）：the writing is on the wall for all European royals
- figure n. 人物（≠数字）：a non-controversial but respected public figure
- party v. 聚会交际（≠政党）：who party with the international 1%
- taste n. 品味，爱好（≠味道）：an expensive taste of lifestyle
- service n. 效劳，职能（≠服务业）：they provide a service
- infested adj. 遍布的（原指害虫滋生）：the most monarch-infested region in the world
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ease v. | 缓和 | Q21 [A] | |
| rival n. | 对手 | Q21 [A] | |
| reign n. | 统治 | Q21 [D] | |
| look up to | 仰慕 | Q22 [A] | ↔ look down on |
| respectable adj. | 值得尊敬的 | Q22 [C] | respect + -able |
| everlasting adj. | 永久的 | Q22 [D] | ever + lasting |
| embodiment n. | 化身，体现 | Q22 [D] | embody |
| odd adj. | 奇怪的 | Q23 题干 | |
| nobility n. | 贵族 | Q23 [B] | noble 高贵的 |
| adherence n. | 坚持，依附 | Q23 [D] | ad- + her 粘 |
| adapt oneself to | 使自己适应 | Q24 [A] | |
| ally n. | 盟友 | Q24 [C] | |
| take a tough line on | 对……采取强硬立场 | Q24 [D] | |
| disgrace n. | 耻辱 | Q25 [A] | dis- + grace 优雅，恩典 |
| succeed to the throne | 继承王位 | Q25 [B] | 熟词僻义：succeed 继承 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 D | embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down | ended his reign in embarrassment |
| 22 C | they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure | owing to their undoubted and respectable status |
| 23 B | it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states | The role of the nobility in modern democracies |
| 24 A | He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service | fails to adapt himself to his future role |
| 25 C | So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? / it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example | Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs |
六、长难句
① 强调句（Q22 背景）
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state.
- 结构：It is … that … 强调句，强调主语 this apparent transcendence of politics
- 还原：This apparent transcendence of politics explains monarchs’ continuing popularity
- as heads of state：作为国家元首
- 译：正是这种表面上超越政治的特质，解释了君主作为国家元首为何能持续受到欢迎。
② as 引导的倒装让步 + 破折号插入（Q23 背景）
Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history – and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.
- 主干：their very history embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities
- Symbolic … as they claim to be：as 倒装表让步，= Although they claim to be symbolic of national unity
- 破折号中间：补充另一个主语成分，谓语仍按 history 用单数 embodies
- 译：尽管王室自称是民族团结的象征，但他们的历史本身，有时还有他们今天的做派，都体现着过时且站不住脚的特权与不平等。
③ at a time when 定语从句 + 形式主语 + 虚拟 should（Q23 出处）
At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
- 主干：it is bizarre that …（it 是形式主语）
- At a time when …：时间状语，when 定语从句修饰 time
- should still be：it is bizarre that … should 表示惊讶、意外的情绪
- 译：在托马斯·皮凯蒂等经济学家不断警告不平等加剧、继承财富影响力日增的今天，富有的贵族家庭竟然仍是现代民主国家的象征核心，这实在荒诞。
七、句型
- The A case provides arguments both for and against B.（辩证开篇） 原句：The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 套用：The rise of online shopping provides arguments both for and against globalization.
- Even so, A undoubtedly have a downside.（让步转折） 原句：Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 套用：Even so, smartphones undoubtedly have a downside.
- The most successful A strive to abandon or hide their old ways.（成功者的做法） 原句：The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. 套用：The most successful companies strive to abandon their old ways of thinking.
- While A will no doubt …, it is B who have most to fear from …（聚焦最危险者） 原句：it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example 套用：While most shops will survive for some time to come, it is small bookstores that have most to fear from e-commerce.
- He has failed to understand that A have largely survived because they …（点出认识误区） 原句：He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service 套用：Some people fail to understand that traditions have survived because they meet real needs.
- As history shows, it is A, not B, who are C’s worst enemies.（强调句收尾） 原句：Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies. 套用：As history shows, it is complacency, not competition, that is a company’s worst enemy.