2014 英语一 Text 4｜《问题核心》没有触及问题核心
主旨
美国艺术与科学院的报告《问题核心》肯定了人文社科对美国自由民主的重要性，值得称赞；但它没有直面博雅教育危机的真正本质，可能弊大于利 → 背景：国会两党领袖要求学院提出维持人文社科卓越地位的方案，学院为此成立了阵容豪华的委员会 → 报告的目标总体可嘉（全面读写、学历史、用新技术、增加投入、学外语等）→ 但历时两年半，报告始终没触及核心：顶尖高校博雅教育的”不自由”本质；校园探究精神被宣传进步主义的工具取代，教授们排斥保守或古典自由主义思想 → 学院热心博雅教育，但报告掩盖了挑战的深度和广度，反而可能阻碍改革。
原文：2014 Text 4 · 话题：教育 / 政治 · 答案：36 A｜37 D｜38 C｜39 C｜40 B
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| affirm v. | 肯定 | deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences | af- + firm 坚定 |
| humanities n. | 人文学科 | deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences | human 人 |
| prosperity n. | 繁荣 | the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America | prosper |
| regrettably adv. | 遗憾的是 | Regrettably, however | regret |
| congressional adj. | 国会的 | leading congressional Democrats and Republicans | Congress 国会 |
| benefactor n. | 捐助者 | individual benefactors | bene 好 + fact 做 |
| excellence n. | 卓越 | maintain national excellence | excel 擅长 |
| scholarship n. | 学术 | social scientific scholarship | scholar 学者 + -ship |
| top-tier adj. | 顶尖的 | top-tier-university presidents | tier 层级 |
| prominent adj. | 著名的 | prominent figures from diplomacy | pro- + min 突出 |
| diplomacy n. | 外交 | prominent figures from diplomacy | diplomat 外交官 |
| admirable adj. | 值得赞赏的 | The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. | admire + -able |
| presuppose v. | 以……为前提 | representative government presupposes an informed citizenry | pre- 预先 + suppose 假定 |
| citizenry n. | 全体公民 | representative government presupposes an informed citizenry | citizen + -ry 集体 |
| literacy n. | 读写能力 | the report supports full literacy | liter 文字 |
| coherent adj. | 连贯的 | the crafting of coherent curricula | co- + her 粘 |
| advocate v. | 倡导 | The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages | ad- + voc 声音 |
| expansion n. | 扩大 | the expansion of study abroad programs | expand |
| illiberal adj. | 偏狭的，不自由的 | the illiberal nature of liberal education | il- 不 + liberal |
| deprive v. | 剥夺 | are thus deprived of its benefits | de- + priv 私有 → 夺走 |
| inquiry n. | 探究 | the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus | inquire 探询 |
| publicize v. | 宣传 | as vehicles for publicizing | public + -ize |
| propaganda n. | 宣传（贬） | left-liberal propaganda | propagate 传播 |
| interpretation n. | 解读 | professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history | interpret 解释 |
| portray v. | 把……描绘成 | while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas | por- + tray 画；同根 portrait |
| self-reliance n. | 自立 | free markets and self-reliance | rely 依靠 |
| boundary n. | 界限 | falling outside the boundaries of routine | bound 边界 |
| intellectual adj. | 学术的，智力的 | intellectual investigation | intellect 才智 |
| enthusiasm n. | 热情 | displays great enthusiasm for liberal education | |
| obscure v. | 掩盖 | by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge | 形容词”模糊的” |
| breadth n. | 广度 | by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge | broad 宽 → breadth |
| illuminate v. | 阐明，照亮 | that Congress asked it to illuminate | il- + lumin 光 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| deserve praise for | 因……值得称赞 | The volunteers deserve praise for their efforts. |
| affirm the importance of | 肯定……的重要性 | affirm the importance of reading |
| cause more harm than good | 弊大于利 | Overprotection causes more harm than good. |
| address the true nature of | 直面……的真正本质 | |
| ask that sb (should) do | 要求某人做 | |
| maintain national excellence | 保持国家卓越 | |
| in response | 作为回应 | |
| as well as | 以及 | |
| call for | 呼吁 | call for increased investment in education |
| communicate effectively | 有效沟通 | |
| bring one’s learning to bear on | 运用所学解决…… | bring knowledge to bear on real-world problems |
| the great challenges of the day | 当今重大挑战 | |
| get to the heart of the matter | 触及问题核心 | |
| be deprived of | 被剥夺 | be deprived of education |
| be replaced by | 被……取代 | |
| treat A as B | 把 A 当作 B | |
| portray A as B | 把 A 描绘成 B | The media often portray the elderly as helpless. |
| fall outside the boundaries of | 超出……的范围 | |
| display great enthusiasm for | 表现出极大热情 | |
| set back reform | 阻碍改革 | set back progress |
| the depth and breadth of | ……的深度与广度 |
三、熟词僻义
- matter n. 问题（the heart of the matter，≠物质）：never gets to the heart of the matter
- scholarship n. 学术（≠奖学金）：social scientific scholarship
- figure n. 人物（≠数字）：prominent figures from diplomacy
- informed adj. 有见识的（≠消息灵通的）：representative government presupposes an informed citizenry
- craft v. 精心设计（≠手艺 n.）：the crafting of coherent curricula
- home n. 扎根之处（at home，≠家）：the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus
- vehicle n. 工具，手段（≠车辆）：as vehicles for publicizing
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| appreciative adj. | 赞赏的 | Q36 [B] | |
| contemptuous adj. | 蔑视的 | Q36 [C] | |
| tolerant adj. | 宽容的 | Q36 [D] | tolerate |
| influential adj. | 有影响力的 | Q37 题干 | influence |
| safeguard v. | 保护 | Q37 [B] | safe + guard |
| retain v. | 保持 | Q37 [C] | re- + tain 握 |
| exclusive adj. | 专门的，排他的 | Q38 [A] | exclude |
| theoretical adj. | 理论的 | Q38 [B] | theory |
| emerging adj. | 新兴的 | Q38 [C] | emerge 出现 |
| biased against | 对……有偏见 | Q39 [C] | |
| grasp v. | 抓住，理解 | Q40 [A] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 A | Regrettably, however / may cause more harm than good | Critical |
| 37 D | maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education | keep a leading position in liberal education |
| 38 C | encourages the use of new digital technologies | the application of emerging technologies |
| 39 C | while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas / falling outside the boundaries of routine | biased against classical liberal ideas |
| 40 B | never gets to the heart of the matter / the illiberal nature of liberal education | Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter” |
六、长难句
① 同位语 + deserve praise for doing（Q36 出处）
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
- 主干：“The Heart of the Matter” deserves praise for affirming the importance
- the just-released report by …：同位语，解释报告
- the importance of A to B：A 对 B 的重要性
- 译：美国艺术与科学院刚发布的报告《问题核心》肯定了人文社科对美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性，这一点值得称赞。
② treat A as B while portraying C as D + 破折号插入（Q39 出处）
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas – such as free markets and self-reliance – as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
- 主干：professors routinely treat A as B
- while portraying C as D：while + 分词，形成对比
- 破折号中间：举例说明 C
- routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation：两个形容词共同修饰 investigation，中间插入 and sometimes legitimate
- 译：如今，教授们习惯把进步主义的历史解读和公共政策当作正当的研究对象，同时把自由市场、自力更生等保守主义或古典自由主义思想描绘成常规学术研究范围之外的东西，有时甚至视其为不正当。
③ may well + by doing + that 定语从句（Q40 背景）
Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
- 主干：its report may well set back reform
- may well：很可能
- by obscuring …：方式状语
- that Congress asked it to illuminate：定语从句修饰 challenge，that 作 illuminate 的宾语
- 译：然而，这份报告掩盖了国会要求它阐明的挑战的深度和广度，很可能反而阻碍改革。
七、句型
- A deserves praise for doing B. Regrettably, however, … may cause more harm than good.（先扬后抑） 原句：Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. 套用：The campaign deserves praise for raising awareness. Regrettably, however, its failure to offer real solutions may cause more harm than good.
- The goals identified in A are generally admirable.（肯定目标） 原句：The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. 套用：The goals identified in the plan are generally admirable.
- Because A presupposes B, …（从前提推出主张） 原句：Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry 套用：Because democracy presupposes informed citizens, education matters.
- bring one’s learning to bear on the great challenges of the day（学以致用） 原句：the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day 套用：Universities should encourage students to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
- Unfortunately, despite …, A never gets to the heart of the matter.（批评抓不住要害） 原句：never gets to the heart of the matter 套用：Unfortunately, despite months of debate, the discussion never gets to the heart of the matter.
- Sadly, the spirit of A once at home … has been replaced by B.（今昔对比） 原句：Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing 套用：Sadly, the spirit of curiosity once common in classrooms has been replaced by the pursuit of scores.