2014 英语一 Text 3｜科学新奖：有争议，但值得接受
主旨
300 万美元的基础物理学奖是一次有趣的尝试，近年来不少由互联网富豪资助的丰厚奖项与诺贝尔奖并列 → 批评者认为：钱买不来格调，新奖只是赞助者的自我宣传，可能扭曲以成就为本的同行评审体系、固化现状、延续”孤胆天才”神话 → 奖项目标五花八门，科学奖的分配也确有合理担忧：新奖对学科的界定不具代表性，诺奖”每项最多三人且须在世”的规定也已跟不上合作式研究（希格斯玻色子的署名之争）→ 诺奖本身也是富人出钱设立的，是时间而非意图赋予了它正当性 → 结论：多数科学家都会接受这种奖，钱和关注流向科学是好事，应心怀感激、从容接受。
原文：2014 Text 3 · 话题：科学 / 奖项 · 答案：31 B｜32 C｜33 C｜34 B｜35 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| fundamental adj. | 基础的 | Fundamental Physics Prize | fund 底部 |
| lucrative adj. | 丰厚的，赚钱的 | a string of lucrative awards for researchers | lucr 利益 |
| entrepreneur n. | 企业家 | are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs | |
| benefactor n. | 捐助者 | These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields | bene 好 + fact 做 → 做好事的人 |
| handful n. | 少数 | a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature | hand + -ful → 一把 |
| upstart adj. | 暴发的，新贵的 | these upstart entrepreneurs | up + start → 突然起来的 |
| prestige n. | 声望 | the prestige of the Nobels | 形容词 prestigious |
| self-promotion n. | 自我宣传 | an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them | promote 推广 |
| distort v. | 扭曲 | They could distort the achievement-based system | dis- + tort 扭 |
| perpetuate v. | 使延续 | They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. | perpetual 永久的 |
| myth n. | 神话，谬论 | They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. | |
| scattered adj. | 分散的 | as scattered as the criticism | scatter 撒 |
| legitimate adj. | 合理的 | some legitimate concerns | legi 法 |
| distribute v. | 分配 | how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed | dis- 分 + tribute 给 |
| unrepresentative adj. | 不具代表性的 | takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include | un- + representative |
| recipient n. | 获得者 | three recipients per prize | recip 接受；同根 receive |
| outgrow v. | 长大而不再适合 | has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research | out 超过 + grow 长 |
| collaborative adj. | 合作的 | has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research | col- 共同 + labor 劳动 |
| inevitable adj. | 不可避免的 | the inevitable row over who is ignored | in- 不 + evit 避开 |
| acknowledge v. | 承认，认可 | when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson | |
| intention n. | 意图 | Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy | intend 打算 |
| legitimacy n. | 正当性 | Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy | |
| mechanism n. | 机制 | the mechanism | |
| gratitude n. | 感激 | with gratitude and grace | grat 感谢 |
| grace n. | 风度，雅量 | with gratitude and grace |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| accept an award | 领奖 | |
| be far from the only one | 远非唯一 | This is far from the only problem. |
| a string of | 一连串 | a string of successes / failures |
| be funded from | 资金来自 | |
| succeed in | 在……方面成功 | |
| draw attention to | 引起对……的关注 | draw public attention to the issue |
| What’s not to like? | 有什么不好的呢？ | 口语设问 |
| a handful of | 少数 | Only a handful of students passed. |
| as the old saying goes | 俗话说 | As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect. |
| an exercise in self-promotion | 纯粹的自我宣传 | an exercise in futility 徒劳之举 |
| cement the status quo | 固化现状 | |
| perpetuate the myth of | 延续……的神话 | perpetuate stereotypes |
| draw people into science | 吸引人们投身科学 | |
| make one’s career in | 在……领域立业 | |
| take an unrepresentative view of | 对……持片面看法 | |
| when it comes to | 当涉及…… | When it comes to health, prevention matters most. |
| set up | 设立 | |
| give sth legitimacy | 赋予……正当性 | |
| As much as … | 尽管…… | As much as I love my hometown, I have to leave. |
| It is fair to criticize and question | 批评和质疑是合理的 | |
| do with sth as one pleases | 随意处置 | |
| take sth with gratitude and grace | 心怀感激、从容接受 |
三、熟词僻义
- string n. 一连串（≠绳子）：a string of lucrative awards for researchers
- feature n. 专题报道（≠特征）：a News Feature article in Nature
- telephone-number-sized adj. 数额巨大的（像电话号码那么长的数字）：the telephone-number-sized bank accounts
- class n. 格调，品位（≠班级 / 阶级）：You cannot buy class
- exercise n. （某种性质的）行为（≠锻炼）：an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them
- cement v. 巩固（≠水泥）：They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research
- row n. 争吵（≠行、排）：the inevitable row over who is ignored
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| handsome adj. | 丰厚的 | Q31 [B] a handsome reward | 熟词僻义：≠英俊的 |
| replacement n. | 替代品 | Q31 [C] | replace |
| profit-oriented adj. | 以利润为导向的 | Q32 [A] | orient 定向 |
| founder n. | 创立者 | Q32 [C] | found 建立 |
| joint adj. | 共同的 | Q33 [C] | |
| demonstration n. | 展示，证明 | Q33 [D] | demonstrate |
| cast doubt on | 对……表示怀疑 | Q34 [A] | |
| endurance n. | 持久 | Q34 [B] | endure 持续 |
| do justice to | 公正对待 | Q34 [B] | |
| in dispute | 有争议 | Q34 [D] | |
| unworthy of | 不值得 | Q35 [A] | |
| be subject to | 易受…… | Q35 [B] | |
| undesirable adj. | 不良的 | Q35 [B] | un- + desirable |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 31 B | a string of lucrative awards for researchers | a handsome reward for researchers |
| 32 C | an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them | the founders of the new awards |
| 33 C | has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research | the joint effort of modern researchers |
| 34 B | Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy | Their endurance has done justice to them |
| 35 D | it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere / It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. | acceptable despite the criticism |
六、长难句
① 插入语 + buy sb sth 双宾语（Q32 背景）
You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.
- 主干：You cannot buy class, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige
- as the old saying goes：插入语，“正如俗话所说”
- buy sb sth：为某人买某物；这里是”为他们的奖项买来诺奖的声望”
- 译：俗话说，格调是买不来的；这些暴发的企业家也没法用钱为他们的奖项买来诺贝尔奖那样的声望。
② 主语 + 非限制性定语从句 + 被动 + 破折号引出 as 从句（Q33 出处）
But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
- 主干：the Nobel Foundation’s limit … has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research
- each of whom must still be living：非限制性定语从句修饰 recipients
- as will be demonstrated by …：as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句
- who is ignored：宾语从句作 over 的宾语；when it comes to doing 当涉及……时
- 译：但诺贝尔基金会规定每个奖项最多三名获奖者，且都必须在世，这一规定早已跟不上现代研究的合作性质。在表彰希格斯玻色子的发现时，必然会爆发的”谁被遗漏”之争就将证明这一点。
③ 破折号插入 + but 转折 + 不定式修饰 money（Q35 出处）
It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please.
- 主干：It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism, but it is the prize-givers’ money
- 破折号中间：插入说明，“毕竟这就是科研文化”
- to do with as they please：不定式修饰 money，“可以随心处置的”
- 译：批评和质疑奖项机制是合理的，毕竟这就是科研文化，但钱是颁奖者的，他们想怎么用就怎么用。
七、句型
- A is far from the only one of its type.（引出同类现象） 原句：And it is far from the only one of its type. 套用：This app is far from the only one of its type.
- What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to …（自问自答引出批评） 原句：What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. 套用：What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to some health experts.
- The goals of A seem as scattered as the criticism.（比较结构） 原句：The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. 套用：The reasons for the decline seem as varied as the solutions.
- Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.（插入对比，简洁有力） 原句：Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. 套用：Practice, rather than talent, has made her successful.
- As much as some may complain about A, two things seem clear. First, … Second, …（让步后分点） 原句：As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. 套用：As much as some may complain about online classes, two things seem clear.
- It is wise to take A with gratitude and grace.（劝导收尾） 原句：It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 套用：It is wise to take criticism with patience and grace.