2013 英语一 Text 4｜亚利桑那移民法案：大法官联手制衡白宫
主旨
最高法院以 5 比 3 推翻亚利桑那移民法大部分条款，对奥巴马政府是一次有限的政策胜利；但在更重要的宪法问题上，裁决以 8 比 0 否定了政府打破联邦与州权力平衡的企图 → 被推翻的三项条款越界：国会已”占领该领域”，亚利桑那侵犯了联邦特权 → 但法官们允许州警察核查接触执法者的人的合法身份，因为国会一向设想联邦与州联合执法 → 8 比 0 否定的是白宫”令人震惊的行政权主张”：即便州法完全符合联邦法规，只要与白宫执法重点冲突，白宫就能让它无效 → 某些权力确属联邦，但国会从未禁止各州核查移民身份；政府不想执行国会意愿，就不许任何州执行，每位大法官都正确地驳回了这一离谱主张。
原文：2013 Text 4 · 话题：法律 / 政治 · 答案：36 B｜37 C｜38 A｜39 C｜40 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| immigration n. | 移民 | the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law | im- 进 + migrate 迁移 |
| defeat n. | 失败 | an 8-0 defeat | |
| federal adj. | 联邦的 | upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states | |
| contested adj. | 有争议的 | overturned three of the four contested provisions | contest 争夺 |
| provision n. | 条款 | overturned three of the four contested provisions | |
| controversial adj. | 有争议的 | Arizona’s controversial plan | |
| enforce v. | 执行 | enforce federal immigration law | en- + force |
| uniform adj. | 统一的 | establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization | uni 一 + form |
| naturalization n. | 入籍 | establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization | naturalize 使入籍 |
| precede v. | 优先于，在……之前 | federal laws precede state laws | pre- 在前 + cede 走 |
| parallel adj. | 平行的 | had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones | |
| deliberately adv. | 有意地 | Congress had deliberately “occupied the field” | deliberate 深思熟虑的 |
| intrude v. | 侵犯 | had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers | in- + trude 推 |
| privileged adj. | 享有特权的 | had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers | privilege 特权 |
| verify v. | 核实 | verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement | ver 真 |
| envision v. | 设想 | Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement | en- + vision |
| joint adj. | 联合的 | Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement | |
| explicitly adv. | 明确地 | explicitly encourages state officers to share information | |
| statute n. | 法规 | which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute | stat 立 → 立下的规矩 |
| robust adj. | 强有力的 | an even more robust defense of state privileges | |
| privilege n. | 特权 | an even more robust defense of state privileges | privi 私 + leg 法 |
| assertion n. | 主张，断言 | a shocking assertion of federal executive power | assert 断言 |
| executive adj. | 行政的 | a shocking assertion of federal executive power | execute 执行 |
| priority n. | 优先事项 | its enforcement priorities | prior 在前的 |
| invalidate v. | 使无效 | could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law | in- 不 + valid |
| exclusively adv. | 专属地 | belong exclusively to the federal government | exclude 排除 |
| citizenship n. | 公民身份 | control of citizenship and the borders | |
| essence n. | 本质 | in essence asserting that |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| on a five to three vote | 以五比三的投票结果 | |
| knock out | 否决，推翻 | |
| a modest victory | 有限的胜利 | |
| upset the balance of power | 打破权力平衡 | upset the balance of nature |
| run parallel to | 与……平行 | |
| fly too close to the sun | 过于冒进（伊卡洛斯典故） | 阅读表达 |
| occupy the field | 占领该领域 | |
| intrude on | 侵犯 | intrude on sb’s privacy |
| come in contact with | 与……接触 | |
| share information | 共享信息 | |
| cooperate with | 与……合作 | |
| agree with A but disagree about B | 赞同 A 却在 B 上有分歧 | |
| conflict with | 与……冲突 | Personal interests may conflict with public interests. |
| go back to | 追溯到 | |
| turn on | 取决于 | The debate turns on one question. |
| comply with … to the letter | 一字不差地遵守 | follow the rules to the letter |
| in effect | 实际上 | |
| belong exclusively to | 专属于 | |
| prevent sb from doing | 阻止某人做 | |
| carry out one’s wishes | 执行某人的意愿 | carry out a plan |
| in essence | 本质上 | In essence, it is a question of trust. |
| reject a claim | 驳回主张 |
三、熟词僻义
- knock out 否决，推翻（≠击倒）：the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law
- modest adj. 有限的，不大的（≠谦虚的）：a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration
- administration n. 政府（≠管理）：a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration
- fashion v. 制定，打造（≠时尚 n.）：had attempted to fashion state policies
- liberal n. 自由派（≠慷慨的）：the Court’s liberals
- field n. 领域（≠田野）：Congress had deliberately “occupied the field”
- turn on 取决于（≠打开）：turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes
- letter n. 字面（to the letter，≠信）：complied with federal statutes to the letter
- check v. 核查（≠检查身体 / 支票）：to check immigration status
- remarkable adj. 离谱的，非同寻常的（≠卓越的）：this remarkable claim
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| disturb v. | 扰乱 | Q36 [A] | |
| overstep v. | 越过（界限） | Q36 [B] | over + step |
| deprive A of B | 剥夺 A 的 B | Q36 [C] | |
| contradict v. | 与……矛盾 | Q36 [D] | contra 反 + dict 说 |
| intervention n. | 干预 | Q37 [A] | inter- + ven 来 |
| withhold v. | 扣留，不给 | Q37 [B] | with 向后 + hold |
| legitimate adj. | 正当的 | Q37 [C] | |
| in favor of | 支持 | Q38 [A] | |
| undermine v. | 损害 | Q38 [C] | |
| outweigh v. | 超过，比……重要 | Q39 [C] | out 超过 + weigh 重 |
| dependent on | 依赖 | Q39 [A] | |
| coordination n. | 协调 | Q40 [C] | co- + ordinate 安排 |
| check v. | 制约 | Q40 [D] check the power of | 熟词僻义 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 B | Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers | overstepped the authority of federal immigration law |
| 37 C | Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement | States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement |
| 38 A | an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts | stood in favor of the states |
| 39 C | could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with | outweighs that held by the states |
| 40 D | Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim | Justices intended to check the power of the Administration |
六、长难句
① 状语前置 + 不定式修饰 effort（开篇定性）
But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.
- 主干：the decision was an 8-0 defeat
- on the more important matter of the Constitution：状语前置
- for the Administration’s effort to upset …：不定式修饰 effort
- 译：但在更重要的宪法问题上，这项裁决以 8 比 0 否定了奥巴马政府打破联邦政府与各州权力平衡的企图。
② 两个并列的同位语从句（Q36 背景）
The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
- 主干：The Constitutional principles are noncontroversial
- that Washington alone has … and that federal laws precede …：两个同位语从句并列，解释 principles
- 主语很长，谓语 are 在句末
- 译：只有联邦政府有权”制定统一的入籍规则”、联邦法律优先于州法律，这两条宪法原则都没有争议。
③ 宾语从句中嵌套原因状语从句（Q40 出处）
The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either.
- 主干：The Administration was asserting that …
- in essence：插入，“本质上”
- that 从句内：because … 原因状语 + 主句 no state should be allowed to do so either
- do so 指 carry out Congress’s immigration wishes
- 译：政府的主张实质上是：因为它自己不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以也不允许任何州这么做。
七、句型
- On a … vote, A knocked out … – a modest victory for B. But on the more important matter of C, …（先小胜后大败） 原句：On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday – a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. 套用：The new rule was passed by a narrow margin – a modest victory for its supporters. But on the more important matter of fairness, it was a defeat.
- A had attempted to fashion policies that ran parallel to B.（描述平行做法） 原句：Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. 套用：Some schools have attempted to fashion rules that run parallel to national guidelines.
- A agreed with this logic but disagreed about …（区分共识与分歧） 原句：agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute 套用：Most people agree with the goal but disagree about how to achieve it.
- In effect, A claimed that …（揭示实质） 原句：In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with. 套用：In effect, the company claimed that it could ignore any rule it disliked.
- But if A wanted to …, it could. It never did so.（以事实反驳） 原句：But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. 套用：If the school wanted to ban phones, it could. It never did so.
- Every A rightly rejected this remarkable claim.（肯定收尾） 原句：Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 套用：The public rightly rejected this absurd argument.