2013 英语一 Text 1｜快时尚：便宜衣服的真实代价
主旨
电影《穿普拉达的女王》里，主编讲述一种蓝色如何从秀场一路流落到特价筐，这种”自上而下”的时尚观已经过时 → 新书《过度着装》批判”快时尚”：技术让 Zara、H&M 等品牌能更快响应潮流、精准预测需求，鼓励消费者把衣服当一次性用品、几周就换一批，劫持了时尚周期 → 受害者不止设计师：低价依赖海外廉价劳动力、耗费自然资源、使用大量有害化学品 → 量产服装像快餐，满足需求却不耐穿、浪费；美国人每年买约 200 亿件衣服 → 作者认为持久的改变只能靠消费者，但虚荣是常量，人们只有在买不起时才会更可持续地消费。
原文：2013 Text 1 · 话题：消费 / 环境 · 答案：21 A｜22 B｜23 D｜24 C｜25 C
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| scold v. | 责骂 | scolds her unattractive assistant | |
| descend v. | 下行，流传下来 | descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores | de- 向下 + scend 爬 |
| bargain n. | 便宜货 | the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment | 也作”讨价还价” |
| garment n. | 衣服 | the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment | |
| conception n. | 观念 | This top-down conception of the fashion business | conceive 构想 |
| feverish adj. | 狂热的 | couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world | fever 发烧 → 狂热 |
| indictment n. | 控诉，谴责 | three-year indictment of “fast fashion” | in- + dict 说 → 说出罪状 |
| mass-market adj. | 面向大众市场的 | advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels | mass 大众 |
| anticipate v. | 预测 | react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely | |
| precisely adv. | 精确地 | react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely | precise |
| turnaround n. | 周转 | Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory | turn around 转过来 |
| inventory n. | 库存 | Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory | |
| disposable adj. | 一次性的 | encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable | dispose 处理掉 + -able |
| wardrobe n. | 衣橱（里的全部衣服） | renew their wardrobe every few weeks | ward 看管 + robe 长袍 |
| dirt-cheap adj. | 极便宜的 | By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices | 便宜得像泥土 |
| hijack v. | 劫持，操控 | have hijacked fashion cycles | |
| accustomed adj. | 习惯的 | an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace | custom 习惯 |
| seasonal adj. | 季节性的 | an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace | season |
| overseas adj. | 海外的 | rely on low-wage overseas labor | over + seas |
| strain v. | 使不堪重负 | order in volumes that strain natural resources | |
| activist n. | 维权人士，活动家 | consumer-activist bestsellers | active + -ist |
| non-durable adj. | 不耐用的 | non-durable and wasteful | dur 持久；同根 during |
| wasteful adj. | 浪费的 | non-durable and wasteful | waste + -ful |
| excess n. | 过量 | this excess leads to waste | exceed 超过 |
| craft n. | 手艺 | it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft | |
| curb v. | 抑制 | have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment | |
| exhibit v. | 表现出 | She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability | ex- 出 + hibit 拿 → 拿出来展示 |
| idealism n. | 理想主义 | She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability | ideal + -ism |
| advocate n. | 倡导者 | She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability | ad- + voc 声音 |
| sustainability n. | 可持续性 | She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability | sustain 维持 |
| vanity n. | 虚荣 | Vanity is a constant | van 空 → 空虚的荣耀 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| scold sb for doing | 因……责骂某人 | |
| descend from A to B | 从 A 流传到 B | |
| couldn’t be more out of date | 再过时不过了 | 否定 + 比较级 = 最高级 |
| be at odds with | 与……不一致 | Their words are at odds with their actions. |
| advances in technology | 技术进步 | Advances in technology have changed the way we shop. |
| react to trends | 响应潮流 | |
| anticipate demand | 预测需求 | |
| see A as B | 把 A 看作 B | |
| be meant to do | 本意是 | |
| renew one’s wardrobe | 更新衣橱 | |
| at dirt-cheap prices | 以极低的价格 | at affordable prices |
| be accustomed to | 习惯于 | be accustomed to a fast pace of life |
| be limited to | 仅限于 | The problem is not limited to big cities. |
| rely on low-wage labor | 依赖廉价劳动力 | |
| strain natural resources | 耗费自然资源 | strain the healthcare system |
| fill a hunger and need | 满足需求 | |
| no matter how much | 无论多少 | |
| give away | 捐赠，送出 | give away old clothes |
| lead to waste | 导致浪费 | |
| It took sb decades to do | 某人花了几十年做 | |
| make efforts to curb | 努力抑制 | make efforts to curb pollution |
| effect lasting change | 带来持久改变 | |
| be it A or B | 无论是 A 还是 B | be it in cities or in the countryside |
| can’t afford not to | 不得不，非做不可 | We can’t afford not to act. |
三、熟词僻义
- label n. 品牌（≠标签）：advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels
- release n. 上新款（≠释放）：more frequent releases
- volume n. 大量（≠音量 / 卷）：order in volumes that strain natural resources
- perfect v. 使精湛（≠完美的 adj.）：it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft
- knock off 仿制（≠敲掉）：her example can’t be knocked off
- line n. 产品系列（≠线）：its green Conscious Collection line
- effect v. 实现，促成（≠效果 n.）：lasting change can only be effected by the customer
- constant n. 常量，不变的东西（≠持续的 adj.）：Vanity is a constant
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| insensitivity n. | 迟钝，不敏感 | Q21 [A] | in- + sensitive |
| obsession n. | 痴迷 | Q21 [B] | obsess |
| bargaining n. | 讨价还价 | Q21 [C] | |
| combat v. | 抵制，对抗 | Q22 [A] | com- + bat 打 |
| shut out | 拒之门外 | Q22 [D] | |
| accusation n. | 指控 | Q23 [D] | accuse |
| idealist n. | 理想主义者 | Q24 [A] | |
| vital adj. | 至关重要的 | Q24 [C] | vit 生命 |
| environment-friendly adj. | 环保的 | Q24 [C] | |
| unaffordable adj. | 买不起的 | Q24 [D] | un- + afford + -able |
| satire n. | 讽刺 | Q25 [A] | |
| extravagant adj. | 奢侈的 | Q25 [A] | extra 超出 + vag 游荡 → 花钱无度 |
| exposure n. | 揭露 | Q25 [D] | expose |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 A | scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her | insensitivity to fashion |
| 22 B | renew their wardrobe every few weeks | shop for their garments more frequently |
| 23 D | three-year indictment of “fast fashion” | accusation |
| 24 C | when they can’t afford not to | Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing |
| 25 C | have hijacked fashion cycles / Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful | Criticism of the fast-fashion industry |
六、长难句
① 否定 + 比较级 + 同位语（Q23 出处）
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.
- 主干：This top-down conception couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world
- couldn’t be more …：否定 + 比较级，表示”再……不过”
- described in Overdressed：过去分词短语修饰 world
- Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment …：Overdressed 的同位语
- 译：这种自上而下的时尚业观念，与《过度着装》一书描绘的狂热世界相比，简直过时透顶、格格不入。这本书是伊丽莎白·克莱因历时三年写成的对”快时尚”的控诉。
② encourage sb to do A and to do B + 破折号插入（Q22 出处）
These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable – meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that – and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
- 主干：These labels encourage consumers to see clothes as disposable and to renew their wardrobe
- 破折号中间：meant to last only a wash or two 解释 disposable；although 让步从句补充”品牌不会明说”
- 两个不定式 to see … / to renew … 并列
- 译：这些品牌鼓励追求时尚的消费者把衣服当成一次性用品（只打算让它撑过一两次洗涤，尽管品牌不会这么宣传），并且每隔几周就更新一次衣橱。
③ though 让步 + 破折号插入 + 被动（Q24 背景）
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line – Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.
- 主干：Cline believes (that) lasting change can only be effected by the customer
- Though …：让步状语从句
- 破折号中间：举例，including H&M
- effect：动词”实现，带来”
- 译：尽管几家快时尚公司已努力减少对劳工和环境的影响，比如 H&M 推出了环保的”自觉”系列，但克莱因认为，持久的改变只能靠消费者来实现。
七、句型
- A mean B, C, and D.（因果连锁） 原句：Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. 套用：Longer working hours mean less sleep, more stress, and poorer health.
- By doing A, B have done C, shaking …（手段 + 结果） 原句：By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. 套用：By offering free delivery, online shops have changed shopping habits, shaking traditional retailers.
- The victims of A, of course, are not limited to B.（扩大影响范围） 原句：The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. 套用：The victims of air pollution, of course, are not limited to city dwellers.
- A, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is …（类比批评） 原句：Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful 套用：Short videos, like fast food, satisfy a craving, yet leave us empty.
- No matter how much …, this excess leads to waste.（让步强调） 原句：no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste 套用：No matter how much we recycle, over-consumption still leads to waste.
- A is a constant; people will only … when they can’t afford not to.（点破人性） 原句：Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to. 套用：Laziness is a constant; people will only change their habits when they can’t afford not to.