2012 英语一 Text 1｜同伴压力能治病吗？朋友还得自己选
主旨
同伴压力通常导致坏事，但新书《加入俱乐部》认为它也能成为积极力量，即”社会疗法”：机构和官员借群体动力帮助个人改善生活 → 书中举例：反吸烟项目让香烟变得”不酷”，艾滋病预防项目招募年轻人向同龄人推广安全性行为 → 作者对许多公共卫生运动的批评一针见血：它们不懂心理学，应向擅长利用同伴压力的广告商学习 → 但她对社会疗法整体效果的论证不够有力：无关细节太多，对社会和生物因素探讨不足；最大缺陷是效果不持久 → 同伴群体确实影响巨大，我们会无意识模仿身边人的行为 → 但专家和官员能否替我们挑选同伴、引导向善，远不确定：现实中我们坚持自己选朋友。
原文：2012 Text 1 · 话题：社会 / 心理 · 答案：21 D｜22 B｜23 A｜24 C｜25 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| whisper v. | 低声说 | That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing | |
| casual adj. | 随意的 | casual sex | |
| contend v. | 主张，声称 | Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force | con- + tend 伸展 → 竭力伸张 |
| dynamics n. | 动力，互动机制 | the power of group dynamics | dynam 力 |
| recipient n. | 获得者 | the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize | recip 接受 |
| sponsor v. | 资助 | a state-sponsored antismoking program | |
| initiative n. | 倡议，项目 | an HIV-prevention initiative known as loveLife | initiate 发起 |
| recruit v. | 招募 | recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers | re- + cruit 生长 → 补充新人 |
| promising adj. | 有前途的 | The idea seems promising | promise 希望 |
| perceptive adj. | 敏锐的 | Rosenberg is a perceptive observer | perceive 感知 |
| critique n. | 批评 | Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on | critic |
| lameness n. | 乏力，无效 | Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on | lame 瘸的 → 无力的 |
| mobilize v. | 调动 | they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits | mobile 可动的 + -ize |
| flawed adj. | 有缺陷的 | a seriously flawed understanding of psychology | flaw 瑕疵 |
| billboard n. | 广告牌 | pleads one billboard campaign | bill 招贴 + board 板 |
| convincingly adv. | 令人信服地 | Rosenberg argues convincingly that | convince 说服 |
| persuasive adj. | 有说服力的 | Rosenberg is less persuasive | persuade 劝说 |
| irrelevant adj. | 不相关的 | too much irrelevant detail | ir- 不 + relevant |
| biological adj. | 生物的 | the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful | bio 生命 + logy |
| glaring adj. | 明显的 | The most glaring flaw of the social cure | glare 刺眼的光 |
| enormous adj. | 巨大的 | exert enormous influence on our behavior | e- 出 + norm 标准 → 超出标准 |
| emerging adj. | 新兴的 | An emerging body of research | emerge 出现 |
| subtle adj. | 微妙的 | a subtle form of peer pressure | |
| unconsciously adv. | 无意识地 | we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day | un- + conscious |
| bureaucrat n. | 官僚 | experts and bureaucrats | bureau 办公桌 + crat 统治者 |
| steer v. | 引导 | steer their activities in virtuous directions | 原义”掌舵” |
| virtuous adj. | 有德行的 | steer their activities in virtuous directions | virtue 美德 |
| tactic n. | 策略 | The tactic never really works. |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| peer pressure | 同伴压力 | resist negative peer pressure |
| lead to no good | 没有好结果 | |
| contend that | 主张…… | Some contend that … |
| use the power of | 利用……的力量 | use the power of social media to spread kindness |
| a host of | 大量 | a host of problems |
| in action | 在实践中 | see the idea in action |
| set out to do | 着手做 | set out to change public attitudes |
| recruit sb to do | 招募某人做 | |
| fail to mobilize | 未能调动 | |
| be aimed at doing | 旨在 | a campaign aimed at reducing waste |
| desire nothing more than | 最想要的就是 | |
| fit in | 合群，融入 | Teenagers want to fit in. |
| take a page from | 向……学习 | Schools could take a page from successful companies. |
| be skilled at | 擅长 | |
| be filled with | 充满 | |
| There’s no doubt that | 毫无疑问 | |
| exert enormous influence on | 对……产生巨大影响 | Parents exert enormous influence on children. |
| an emerging body of research | 越来越多的研究 | An emerging body of research shows that … |
| spread through | 通过……传播 | |
| steer A in B directions | 把 A 引向 B 方向 | steer young people in positive directions |
| break up | 拆散 | |
| pair A with B | 把 A 与 B 配对 | |
| insist on doing | 坚持做 |
三、熟词僻义
- host n. 大量（a host of，≠主人）：offers a host of examples of the social cure in action
- cure n. 解决办法（≠治愈）：what she calls the social cure
- haze n. 烟雾（此处指吸烟的烟）：Rage Against the Haze
- spot-on adj. 完全正确的（≠污点）：Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on
- mixed adj. 好坏参半的（≠混合的）：is limited and mixed
- body n. 大量（a body of，≠身体）：An emerging body of research
- engineer v. 策划，操纵（≠工程师）：a social cure engineered from the outside
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| supplement n. | 补充 | Q21 [A] | supply |
| stimulus n. | 刺激因素 | Q21 [B] | 同根 stimulate |
| obstacle n. | 障碍 | Q21 [C] | ob- + st 站 |
| undesirable adj. | 不良的 | Q21 [D] | un- + desirable |
| stay away from | 远离 | Q22 [C] | |
| limitation n. | 局限 | Q22 [D] | limit |
| adequately adv. | 充分地 | Q23 [A] | adequate |
| probe v. | 探究 | Q23 [A] | |
| evade v. | 规避 | Q23 [B] | e- + vad 走 |
| mislead v. | 误导 | Q24 [B] | mis- + lead |
| profound adj. | 深远的 | Q25 [C] | pro- + found 底 → 深到底 |
| questionable adj. | 值得怀疑的 | Q25 [D] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 D | It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and casual sex | a cause of undesirable behaviors |
| 22 B | public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers | learn from advertisers’ experience |
| 23 A | not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful | adequately probe social and biological factors |
| 24 C | we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day | occurs without our realizing it |
| 25 D | The tactic never really works. / we insist on choosing our own friends | questionable |
六、长难句
① 宾语从句 + what 从句 + in which 定语从句（开篇观点）
But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.
- 主干：Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force
- through what she calls the social cure：what 引导宾语从句，“她所说的社会疗法”
- in which …：非限制性定语从句，解释 social cure
- help sb do：help individuals improve their lives and (possibly) the world
- 译：但蒂娜·罗森伯格在新书《加入俱乐部》中主张，同伴压力也可以通过她所说的”社会疗法”成为积极力量：机构和官员利用群体动力，帮助个人改善生活，甚至改善世界。
② 直接引语 + 主谓倒装 + 破折号同位语（Q22 背景）
“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.
- 主干：one billboard campaign pleads ”…”（引语提前，主谓倒装）
- aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers：过去分词短语修饰 campaign
- 破折号后：重复 teenagers 并加定语从句，讽刺”青少年最想要的就是合群”
- 译：一则旨在减少青少年吸烟的广告牌恳求道：“敢于与众不同，请不要吸烟！“可青少年最渴望的恰恰就是合群。
③ 表语前置的完全倒装 + how 主语从句（Q25 出处）
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.
- 正常语序：How successfully experts and bureaucrats can … is far less certain
- how 引导主语从句，因太长放到后面，表语 Far less certain 提前
- select … and steer …：两个并列谓语
- 译：然而，专家和官员能在多大程度上成功地替我们选择同伴群体、并把其活动引向正道，就远没那么确定了。
七、句型
- A is what most of us think of when we hear the words B.（定义式开篇） 原句：is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure 套用：Long hours and endless tests are what most of us think of when we hear the words “high school”.
- Her critique of A is spot-on: …（肯定批评到位） 原句：Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on 套用：His critique of exam-oriented education is spot-on.
- A argues convincingly that B ought to take a page from C.（借鉴他人） 原句：Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 套用：Experts argue convincingly that schools ought to take a page from game designers, so skilled at keeping people engaged.
- But on A, B is less persuasive.（转折指出不足） 原句：But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 套用：But on the question of cost, the report is less persuasive.
- The most glaring flaw of A is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.（点出最大缺陷） 原句：The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. 套用：The most glaring flaw of the plan is that it ignores students’ real needs.
- And that’s the problem with A: in the real world, as in school, we insist on …（类比收尾） 原句：And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 套用：And that’s the problem with forced reading lists: in life, as in school, we insist on choosing our own books.