2011 英语一 Text 1｜唱片时代，现场古典音乐会如何自救
主旨
纽约爱乐乐团任命艾伦·吉尔伯特为音乐总监，好评如潮 → 但任命令人意外，因为他知名度不高，连支持他的乐评人也只称他”朴实无华，毫无大指挥家的派头”，对曾由马勒等大师执掌的乐团来说像是勉强的称赞 → 作者：我不知道他指挥得好不好；想听有趣的音乐，我去 CD 架或网上下载就行 → 乐迷说录音代替不了现场，这没抓住要点：古典演奏者不仅要和歌剧院、剧团、博物馆竞争，还要和 20 世纪大师的录音竞争；录音便宜、随处可得、质量往往更高，这给传统音乐会带来了危机 → 应对之一是演奏还没有录音的新作品；但光扩大曲目不够，乐团必须先改变与新观众的关系。
原文：2011 Text 1 · 话题：文化 / 音乐 · 答案：21 C｜22 B｜23 D｜24 B｜25 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| philharmonic n. | 爱乐乐团 | The decision of the New York Philharmonic | phil 爱 + harmonic 和声 |
| appointment n. | 任命 | the sudden announcement of his appointment | appoint 任命 |
| favorable adj. | 赞许的 | the response has been favorable, to say the least | favor + -able |
| sober-sided adj. | 严肃稳重的 | a sober-sided classical-music critic | sober 清醒的 |
| critic n. | 评论家 | a sober-sided classical-music critic | |
| comparatively adv. | 相对地 | Gilbert is comparatively little known | compare |
| advocate v. | 支持，提倡 | who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment | ad- + voc 声音 |
| unpretentious adj. | 朴实的，不装腔作势的 | an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him | un- + pretend 假装 |
| formidable adj. | 令人敬畏的 | an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him | |
| orchestra n. | 管弦乐队 | an orchestra that has hitherto been led by | |
| hitherto adv. | 迄今为止 | has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler | hither 到这里 + to |
| composition n. | 作品 | an impressive variety of interesting compositions | compose 作曲 |
| orchestral adj. | 管弦乐的 | interesting orchestral music | orchestra |
| devoted adj. | 忠实的，热爱的 | Devoted concertgoers | devote 奉献 |
| concertgoer n. | 常听音乐会的人 | Devoted concertgoers | concert + goer |
| substitute n. | 替代品 | recordings are no substitute for live performance | sub- 下 + stitute 立 → 顶替 |
| instrumentalist n. | 器乐演奏者 | classical instrumentalists must compete | instrument 乐器 |
| troupe n. | 剧团 | dance troupes | |
| artistic adj. | 艺术的 | much higher in artistic quality | art |
| availability n. | 可获得性 | The widespread availability of such recordings | available |
| markedly adv. | 明显地 | a markedly different, more vibrant organization | marked 显著的 |
| vibrant adj. | 充满活力的 | a markedly different, more vibrant organization | vibr 振动 |
| repertoire n. | 全部曲目 | Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| be the talk of | 成为……热议的话题 | The new policy has been the talk of the town. |
| for the most part | 大体上 | |
| to say the least | 至少可以说，毫不夸张地说 | The result was disappointing, to say the least. |
| come as a surprise | 出人意料 | The news came as a surprise to everyone. |
| with no air of | 毫无……的派头 | |
| strike sb as | 给某人……的印象 | The idea struck me as strange. |
| faint praise | 勉强的称赞 | |
| for my part | 就我而言 | |
| to be sure | 诚然 | |
| an impressive variety of | 种类丰富的 | an impressive variety of activities |
| All I have to do is … | 我只需要…… | |
| boot up | 启动（电脑） | |
| be no substitute for | 无法替代 | Online classes are no substitute for face-to-face teaching. |
| miss the point | 没抓住要点 | |
| compete not only with A but also with B | 不仅与 A 竞争，还与 B 竞争 | |
| at a time and place of one’s choosing | 在自己选择的时间地点 | |
| bring about a crisis | 带来危机 | bring about great changes |
| be capable of doing | 能够做 | |
| turn A into B | 把 A 变成 B | |
| will not be enough | 还不够 |
三、熟词僻义
- talk n. 话题（the talk of，≠谈话）：has been the talk of the classical-music world
- air n. 派头，神态（≠空气）：with no air of the formidable conductor about him
- faint adj. 勉强的（≠昏厥 v.）：faint praise
- composition n. 作品（≠作文）：an impressive variety of interesting compositions
- boot v. 启动（boot up，≠靴子）：boot up my computer
- consume v. 欣赏，享用（≠消费）：they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing
- institution n. 传统形式，惯例（≠机构）：a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert
- program v. 编排（节目）（≠程序）：for classical performers to program attractive new music
- record n. 唱片（on record，≠记录）：not yet available on record
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| incur v. | 招致 | Q21 [A] | in- + cur 跑 |
| suspicion n. | 怀疑 | Q21 [B] | suspect |
| acclaim n. | 称赞 | Q21 [C] | ac- + claim 叫喊 → 为之喝彩 |
| curiosity n. | 好奇心 | Q21 [D] | |
| influential adj. | 有影响力的 | Q22 [A] | |
| modest adj. | 谦逊的 | Q22 [B] | |
| exaggerate v. | 夸大 | Q23 [C] | |
| overestimate v. | 高估 | Q23 [D] | over + estimate |
| inferior to | 不如 | Q24 [A] | ↔ superior to |
| accessible adj. | 容易获得的 | Q24 [B] | access + -ible |
| masterpiece n. | 杰作 | Q24 [D] | master + piece |
| revitalize v. | 使恢复活力 | Q25 题干 | re- + vital 有活力的 |
| doubtful adj. | 怀疑的 | Q25 [A] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 C | For the most part / the response has been favorable, to say the least | received acclaim |
| 22 B | an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him | modest |
| 23 D | recordings are no substitute for live performance / are missing the point | overestimate the value of live performances |
| 24 B | These recordings are cheap, available everywhere | They are easily accessible to the general public |
| 25 A | But what will be the nature of that difference? / Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. | doubtful |
六、长难句
① 介词短语前置 + 定语从句 + strike sb as（Q22 背景）
As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.
- 主干：that seems likely to have struck some Times readers as faint praise（that 指乐评人对吉尔伯特的描述）
- As a description of …：状语前置，“作为对……的描述”
- that has hitherto been led by …：定语从句修饰 orchestra
- strike sb as：给某人……的印象；seem likely to have done 表推测过去
- 译：一个乐团曾由马勒、布列兹这样的音乐家执掌，用这样的话来形容它的下一任音乐总监，至少在部分《纽约时报》读者看来，恐怕是一种勉强的称赞。
② 目的状语前置 + not only … but also …（Q23 出处）
For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.
- 主干：classical instrumentalists must compete not only with A but also with B
- For the time, attention, and money of …：状语前置，“为争夺……”
- A：四个并列名词；B：the recorded performances of …
- 译：为了争夺热爱艺术的公众的时间、注意力和金钱，古典器乐演奏者不仅要与歌剧院、舞蹈团、剧团和博物馆竞争，还要与 20 世纪伟大古典音乐家的录音竞争。
③ 三个并列表语 + 分号 + moreover 递进（Q24 出处）
These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
- 前半句：These recordings are A, B, and C（三个并列表语，C 带比较结构）
- 分号 + moreover：递进补充
- at a time and place of the listener’s choosing：在听众自选的时间和地点
- 译：这些录音便宜、随处可得，艺术质量还常常远高于如今的现场演出；而且，听众可以在自己选择的时间和地点”享用”它们。
七、句型
- A has been the talk of B ever since …（热议开篇） 原句：has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009 套用：The new rule has been the talk of the campus ever since it was announced.
- One of the reasons why A came as such a surprise is that …（分析意外原因） 原句：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. 套用：One of the reasons why the result came as such a surprise is that few people had noticed the change.
- For my part, I have no idea whether …（表明个人立场） 原句：For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. 套用：For my part, I have no idea whether the plan will work.
- A who reply that B are no substitute for C are missing the point.（反驳对方） 原句：Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. 套用：Those who argue that e-books are no substitute for paper books are missing the point.
- The widespread availability of A has thus brought about a crisis in B.（归纳后果） 原句：The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. 套用：The widespread availability of smartphones has thus brought about a crisis in traditional reading.
- Merely doing A will not be enough. If … are to succeed, they must first …（提出更深要求） 原句：Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. 套用：Merely building more libraries will not be enough. If we are to succeed, we must first make reading attractive.