2010 英语一 Text 1｜报纸上消失的艺术评论
主旨
过去 25 年英语报纸最深远的变化，也许是艺术报道在范围和严肃性上无可挽回的衰落 → 40 岁以下的读者几乎无法想象，大城市报纸曾经刊登高质量的艺术评论，20 世纪许多重要评论集大多来自报纸 → 二战前的英国，新闻纸极便宜，报纸评论题材自由，评论家详尽撰写，萧伯纳等人学识渊博又不卖弄，视新闻写作为使命 → 可惜这些评论家几乎被遗忘：卡杜斯生前是英国顶尖乐评人、受封爵士，如今只以板球随笔闻名，大量乐评只有专家知道 → 他的评论能否复兴？前景渺茫：新闻品味早已改变，后现代读者不喜欢他华丽的文风，业余乐评传统也在迅速衰退。
原文：2010 Text 1 · 话题：文化 / 新闻 · 答案：21 B｜22 A｜23 D｜24 A｜25 B
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| far-reaching adj. | 深远的 | perhaps the most far-reaching | far + reaching → 影响到很远 |
| inexorable adj. | 无法阻挡的 | the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage | in- 不 + ex- + orable 可恳求的 → 求也没用 |
| scope n. | 范围 | the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage | |
| coverage n. | 报道 | the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage | cover 报道 |
| considerable adj. | 相当多的 | a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism | consider + -able |
| marvel v. | 惊叹 | to marvel at the fact that | |
| deem v. | 认为 | their learned contents were once deemed suitable | |
| unfocused adj. | 无特定主题的 | the unfocused newspaper reviews | un- + focused |
| newsprint n. | 新闻纸 | newsprint was dirt-cheap | news + print |
| stylish adj. | 文笔优美的 | stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications | style |
| ornament n. | 装饰品 | stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications | orn 装饰 |
| far-off adj. | 遥远的 | In those far-off days | |
| literary adj. | 文学的 | literary gift | liter 文字 |
| contempt n. | 蔑视 | a term of contempt | con- + tempt 轻视 |
| virtually adv. | 几乎 | these critics are virtually forgotten | |
| solely adv. | 仅仅 | is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket | sole 唯一的 |
| foremost adj. | 最重要的 | one of England’s foremost classical-music critics | fore 前 + most |
| stylist n. | 文体家 | a stylist so widely admired | style + -ist |
| autobiography n. | 自传 | his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller | auto 自己 + bio 生命 + graph 写 |
| knight v. | 封……为爵士 | He was knighted in 1967 | 名词”骑士” |
| specialist n. | 专家 | unknown save to specialists | special + -ist |
| revival n. | 复兴 | enjoy a revival | revive |
| prospect n. | 前景 | The prospect seems remote. | pro- + spect 看 |
| postmodern adj. | 后现代的 | postmodern readers have little use for | post 后 + modern |
| prose n. | 散文，文风 | the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized | |
| amateur adj. | 业余的 | the amateur tradition in music criticism | amat 爱 → 出于爱好 |
| headlong adj. | 急速的 | has been in headlong retreat | head + long → 一头栽 |
| retreat n. | 退却 | has been in headlong retreat | re- + treat 拉 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| take place | 发生 | |
| the decline in | ……的衰落 | the decline in reading habits |
| It is difficult to the point of impossibility to do | 难到几乎不可能 | It is difficult to the point of impossibility to live without a phone today. |
| consist in large part of | 大部分由……组成 | |
| marvel at | 惊叹于 | marvel at the beauty of nature |
| be deemed suitable for | 被认为适合 | |
| be removed from | 远离，脱离 | be far removed from real life |
| be considered an ornament to | 被视为……的点缀 | |
| take it for granted that | 认为……理所当然 | We often take it for granted that clean water is always available. |
| in detail and at length | 详细而充分地 | |
| wear one’s learning lightly | 学识渊博却不卖弄 | 阅读表达 |
| know what one is about | 知道自己在做什么 | |
| believe in A as B | 相信 A 是 B | believe in teaching as a calling |
| keep one’s end up | 胜任，不甘落后 | 阅读表达 |
| be tempted to do | 忍不住想做 | |
| be known solely as | 仅以……闻名 | |
| be in print | 仍在印行 | ↔ be out of print 绝版 |
| enjoy a revival | 复兴 | Traditional crafts are enjoying a revival. |
| have little use for | 不喜欢，用不着 | |
| be in headlong retreat | 迅速衰退 |
三、熟词僻义
- learned adj. 博学的（≠学过的）：their learned contents were once deemed suitable
- daily n. 日报（≠每日的 adj.）：general-circulation dailies
- turn n. 交替之际（the turn of the century 世纪之交）：the turn of the 20th century
- eve n. 前夕（≠傍晚）：the eve of World War II
- calling n. 使命，职业（≠打电话）：believed in journalism as a calling
- save prep. 除……之外（≠节省）：unknown save to specialists
- remote adj. 渺茫的（≠遥远的）：The prospect seems remote.
- upholstered adj. 华丽的（原指家具包上软垫）：the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized
- use n. 需要（have little use for，≠用途）：postmodern readers have little use for
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| retain v. | 保持，留住 | Q21 [C] | re- + tain 握 |
| suitability n. | 适合性 | Q21 [D] | suitable |
| be characterized by | 以……为特征 | Q22 题干 | |
| casual adj. | 随意的 | Q22 [B] | |
| elaborate adj. | 精心的 | Q22 [C] | e- + labor 劳动 → 花工夫的 |
| layout n. | 版面布局 | Q22 [C] | lay out 布置 |
| radical adj. | 激进的 | Q22 [D] | radic 根 → 从根上改 |
| contemptible adj. | 可鄙的 | Q23 [B] | contempt + -ible |
| appeal to | 吸引 | Q24 [A] | |
| cater to | 迎合 | Q24 [C] | |
| horizon n. | 视野 | Q25 [B] | |
| mournful adj. | 悲哀的 | Q25 [C] | mourn 哀悼 |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 B | the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage / consisted in large part of newspaper reviews | English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews |
| 22 A | the unfocused newspaper reviews | free themes |
| 23 D | So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism | Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing |
| 24 A | postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized | His music criticism may not appeal to readers today |
| 25 B | the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage / these critics are virtually forgotten | The Lost Horizon in Newspapers |
六、长难句
① 状语前置 + 最高级作主语（开篇观点）
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
- 主干：the most far-reaching (change) has been the inexorable decline
- Of all the changes …：范围状语前置；that have taken place … 定语从句修饰 changes
- the decline in A and B：在 A 和 B 方面的衰落
- 译：在过去 25 年英语报纸发生的所有变化中，影响最深远的也许是艺术报道在范围和严肃性上无可挽回的衰落。
② 形式主语 + to the point of + when 定语从句（Q21 背景）
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.
- 主干：It is difficult for the average reader to imagine a time（it 形式主语）
- to the point of impossibility：到了不可能的地步
- when …：定语从句修饰 time
- 译：对于 40 岁以下的普通读者来说，要想象在大多数大城市报纸上都能读到高质量艺术评论的时代，几乎是不可能的。
③ 分词后置定语 + at a time when + in which 定语从句（Q22 出处）
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
- 主干：We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews
- published in England between A and B：过去分词短语修饰 reviews
- at a time when …：两个并列分句说明当时背景
- in which it appeared：定语从句修饰 publications
- 译：离我们更遥远的，是 20 世纪初到二战前夕英国报纸上那些题材不拘的评论。那时新闻纸极其便宜，文笔优美的艺术评论被视为刊载它的报刊的点缀。
七、句型
- To read A today is to marvel at the fact that …（今人读之的感受） 原句：To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 套用：To read old letters today is to marvel at the fact that people once wrote so carefully to each other.
- In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that …（追忆往昔） 原句：In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. 套用：In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that families would eat dinner together.
- Theirs was a serious business.（名词性物主代词作主语） 原句：Theirs was a serious business 套用：Teachers’ work is a serious business: it shapes the future.
- Unfortunately, A are virtually forgotten.（惋惜转折） 原句：Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. 套用：Unfortunately, many traditional crafts are virtually forgotten.
- Is there any chance that …? The prospect seems remote.（设问后否定） 原句：Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. 套用：Is there any chance that handwriting will return to daily life? The prospect seems remote.
- Moreover, A has been in headlong retreat.（递进收尾） 原句：Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat. 套用：Moreover, the habit of deep reading has been in headlong retreat.