2009 考研英语 Text 4｜清教徒新英格兰：精英的书卷气与平民的迷信
主旨
新大陆历史上被研究得最透彻的知识分子，是 17 世纪新英格兰的牧师和政治领袖；殖民地美洲没有别处如此重视智识追求，他们奠定了美国思想中占主导的清教传统 → 作者换个角度：把最初的清教徒看作适应新环境的欧洲文化携带者 → 马萨诸塞湾的早期定居者中有不少在英国受过良好教育、颇具影响的人，他们大量著述，给新英格兰带来了认真的智识氛围 → 但大多数新英格兰人受教育程度较低，思想常带传统迷信色彩：裁缝约翰·戴恩翻开《圣经》，用看到的第一行字决定自己的命运 → 许多定居者的宗教信念更淡，有人直言：来新大陆不是为了宗教，“主要是为了捕鱼”。
原文：2009 Text 4 · 话题：历史 / 文化 · 答案：36 B｜37 B｜38 D｜39 A｜40 C
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| thoroughly adv. | 彻底地 | The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World | thorough |
| intellectual n. | 知识分子 | The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World | intellect |
| colonial adj. | 殖民地的 | nowhere else in colonial America was | colony |
| pursuit n. | 追求 | so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits | pursue |
| preoccupation n. | 关注的焦点 | the basic themes and preoccupations | pre- + occupy 占据 → 先占据头脑的事 |
| unfolding adj. | 逐渐展开的 | an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition | unfold 展开 |
| dominant adj. | 占主导的 | an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition | domin 统治 |
| theological adj. | 神学的 | the Puritans’ theological innovations | theo 神 + -logical |
| distinctive adj. | 独特的 | their distinctive ideas about the church | distinct |
| neglect v. | 忽视 | important subjects that we may not neglect | neg 否 + lect 选 |
| carrier n. | 携带者 | carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances | carry |
| circumstance n. | 环境 | carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances | circum 周围 + stance 站 |
| episode n. | 事件，片段 | the scenes of important episodes | |
| civility n. | 文明，礼仪 | widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity | civil |
| virtuosity n. | 精湛的技艺 | widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity | virtuoso 大师 |
| settler n. | 定居者 | The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay | settle 定居 |
| extensively adv. | 大量地 | These men wrote and published extensively | extend |
| atmosphere n. | 氛围 | an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness | atmo 气 + sphere 球 |
| earnestness n. | 认真，热忱 | an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness | earnest 认真的 |
| craftsman n. | 工匠 | few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants | craft 手艺 |
| intellectualize v. | 使理性化 | their views were less fully intellectualized | intellectual + -ize |
| superstitious adj. | 迷信的 | a traditional superstitious quality | super 上 + stit 站 → 站在理性之上的信仰 |
| emigrate v. | 移居国外 | A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s | e- 出 + migrate 迁移 |
| frustration n. | 挫折 | economic frustrations | frustrate |
| decisive adj. | 决定性的 | a decisive moment | decide |
| fate n. | 命运 | would settle his fate | |
| sermon n. | 布道 | the careful sermons explaining the Bible | |
| slight adj. | 轻微的 | many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s | |
| commitment n. | 信奉，投入 | many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s | commit |
| clergyman n. | 牧师 | one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast | clergy 神职人员 |
| mock v. | 嘲笑 | who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| attach importance to | 重视 | Chinese families attach great importance to education. |
| intellectual pursuits | 智识追求 | |
| establish the basic themes | 奠定基本主题 | |
| take an approach to | 对……采用某种方法 | take a new approach to learning |
| start with | 从……开始 | |
| in keeping with | 与……一致 | in keeping with tradition |
| adjust to | 适应 | adjust to new circumstances |
| the pursuit of | 对……的追求 | the pursuit of happiness |
| publish extensively | 大量发表 | |
| give A an atmosphere of | 给 A 带来……的氛围 | |
| let alone | 更不用说 | |
| be filled with | 充满 | |
| come together | 汇聚 | |
| settle one’s fate | 决定某人命运 | |
| One wonders what … | 人们不禁想知道…… | One wonders what our ancestors would think of smartphones. |
| one’s main end | 某人的主要目的 |
三、熟词僻义
- minister n. 牧师（≠部长）：the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England
- attach v. 赋予（重要性）（≠附上）：so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits
- scene n. 发生地（≠场景）：the scenes of important episodes
- Crown n. 王室，王权（≠王冠）：an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown
- dependent n. 受供养者（≠依赖的 adj.）：few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants
- composition n. 作品（≠作文）：left literary compositions to be analyzed
- account n. 记述（≠账户）：left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs
- settle v. 决定（≠定居）：would settle his fate
- end n. 目的（≠结束）：Our main end was to catch fish.
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| endeavor n. | 努力 | Q36 [C] | |
| liberal adj. | 宽松自由的 | Q36 [D] | |
| comparatively adv. | 相对地 | Q37 [A] | |
| be obsessed with | 痴迷于 | Q37 [D] | |
| abandon v. | 放弃 | Q38 [C] | |
| superstition n. | 迷信 | Q39 [A] | |
| puzzled adj. | 困惑的 | Q39 [C] | |
| frustrated adj. | 沮丧的 | Q39 [D] | |
| be engaged in | 从事 | Q40 [A] | |
| illusory adj. | 虚幻的 | Q40 [B] | illusion 幻觉 |
| background n. | 背景 | Q40 [C] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 B | nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” | intellectual interests were encouraged |
| 37 B | carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances | brought with them the culture of the Old World |
| 38 D | giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness | created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England |
| 39 A | Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality / left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs | influenced by superstitions |
| 40 C | men of impressive education and influence in England / most New Englanders were less well educated | came from different intellectual backgrounds |
六、长难句
① 不定式作主语 + means to do + 破折号同位语（Q37 背景）
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church – important subjects that we may not neglect.
- 主干：To take this approach … means to start with A and B
- 不定式短语作主语，表语也是不定式
- 破折号后：important subjects，同位语，总结 A 和 B；that we may not neglect 定语从句
- 译：用这种方法研究新英格兰人，通常意味着从清教徒的神学创新和他们对教会的独特见解入手，这些都是我们不能忽视的重要问题。
② while 让步 + let alone + 形式主语（Q39 背景）
While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.
- 主干：it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized（it 形式主语）
- While …：让步状语从句；let alone …：插入，“更不用说”
- to be analyzed：不定式被动作后置定语，修饰 compositions
- 译：虽然很少有工匠或农民留下可供分析的文字作品，更不用说受供养者和仆人了，但显而易见，他们的观点远没有那么理性化。
③ 破折号总结 + when 定语从句 + 三个并列谓语（Q39 出处）
Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope – all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words
- 主干：all came together in a decisive moment（all 复指破折号前的三个名词）
- when …：定语从句修饰 moment，含三个并列谓语 opened / told / read
- the first line (that) he saw：省略关系词的定语从句
- 译：性方面的困惑、经济上的挫折和宗教上的希望，全都汇聚在一个决定性的时刻：他翻开《圣经》，告诉父亲看到的第一行字将决定他的命运，然后读出了那句神奇的话。
七、句型
- The most thoroughly studied A in B are C.（最高级开篇） 原句：The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. 套用：The most widely discussed issue on campus is the pressure of exams.
- Nowhere else was so much importance attached to A.（否定词置首倒装） 原句：nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” 套用：Nowhere else is so much importance attached to family reunion as in China.
- But in keeping with A, we may consider B as C.（换一种视角） 原句：But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture 套用：In keeping with this view, we may consider festivals as carriers of culture.
- We should not forget, however, that …（补充另一面） 原句：We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. 套用：We should not forget, however, that many people still lack Internet access.
- One wonders what A thought of B.（引发思考） 原句：One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches. 套用：One wonders what the ancients would think of our busy lives.
- Our main end was to …（直白点明动机） 原句：Our main end was to catch fish. 套用：Our main end is to learn, not merely to pass exams.