2009 考研英语 Text 1｜用新习惯为大脑开辟创新通道
主旨
习惯让我们的大脑进入”自动驾驶”，在瞬息万变的 21 世纪，“习惯”一词甚至带点贬义 → 把习惯和创新放在一起谈似乎矛盾，但脑科学发现：有意识地培养新习惯能在大脑中开辟平行通路，甚至生成新的脑细胞，把思路引上创新的轨道 → 与其认定自己是改不了的”习惯动物”，不如主动培养新习惯；越走出舒适区，越有创造力 → 不必费力消灭旧习惯，新习惯形成的平行通路可以绕开旧路 → 创新首先需要对奇妙事物的着迷，而”决定”就是扼杀其他可能 → 人生来有四种思维方式，青春期后只剩一半；标准化考试只强调分析和程序，助长平庸，这正是培养新习惯的用武之地。
原文：2009 Text 1 · 话题：心理 / 教育 · 答案：21 C｜22 D｜23 A｜24 D｜25 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| mindlessly adv. | 不假思索地 | We reach for them mindlessly | mind + -less + -ly |
| auto-pilot n. | 自动驾驶 | setting our brains on auto-pilot | auto 自动 + pilot 驾驶员 |
| unconscious adj. | 无意识的 | the unconscious comfort of familiar routine | un- + conscious |
| routine n. | 惯例，常规 | the unconscious comfort of familiar routine | route 路线 → 走惯的路 |
| unreflecting adj. | 不加思考的 | the unreflecting herd | un- + reflect 反思 |
| implication n. | 含义 | even the word “habit” carries a negative implication | im- + plic 折 |
| paradoxical adj. | 自相矛盾的 | So it seems paradoxical | paradox 悖论 |
| consciously adv. | 有意识地 | when we consciously develop new habits | conscious |
| parallel adj. | 平行的 | we create parallel paths | |
| innovative adj. | 创新的 | new, innovative tracks | in- + nov 新 |
| dismiss v. | 把……看作（不值一提） | Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit | dis- + miss 送走 |
| creature n. | 生物，动物 | Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit | create → 被造之物 |
| inherently adv. | 本质上 | the more inherently creative we become | inherent 固有的 |
| rut n. | 车辙 → 固定模式 | those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain | |
| procedure n. | 程序，常规做法 | those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain | proceed |
| deliberately adv. | 有意地 | the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves | |
| bypass v. | 绕过 | create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads | by 旁边 + pass 经过 |
| fascination n. | 着迷 | a fascination with wonder | fascinate |
| unaware adj. | 未意识到的 | All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware | un- + aware |
| capacity n. | 能力 | humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges | cap 拿 → 容纳 |
| adolescence n. | 青春期 | At the end of adolescence | adolesc 成长 |
| preserve v. | 保留 | preserving only those modes of thought | pre- + serve 保存 |
| mode n. | 模式 | preserving only those modes of thought | 同根 model |
| emphasis n. | 强调 | The current emphasis on standardized testing | emphasize |
| standardized adj. | 标准化的 | The current emphasis on standardized testing | standard + -ize |
| perpetuate v. | 使延续 | That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness | perpetual 永久的 |
| foster v. | 助长，培养 | That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness | |
| excellence n. | 卓越 | Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. | excel |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| reach for | 伸手去拿，依赖 | reach for our phones without thinking |
| set sth on auto-pilot | 让……自动运行 | |
| carry a negative implication | 带有贬义 | |
| in the same context as | 在同一语境中 | |
| jump one’s train of thought onto new tracks | 让思路转上新轨道 | |
| dismiss A as B | 把 A 看作 B（贬） | |
| creatures of habit | 习惯的动物 | We are all creatures of habit. |
| the more …, the more … | 越……越…… | The more you read, the more you know. |
| step outside one’s comfort zone | 走出舒适区 | Stepping outside your comfort zone helps you grow. |
| don’t bother doing | 不必费力做 | |
| kill off | 彻底消灭 | |
| be there to stay | 会一直存在 | |
| a fascination with | 对……着迷 | a fascination with the unknown |
| work through problems | 解决问题 | |
| be born with the capacity to do | 生来具有……的能力 | |
| approach challenges | 应对挑战 | approach problems from different angles |
| shut down | 关闭 | |
| break the major rule | 打破主要准则 | |
| foster commonness | 助长平庸 | |
| create excellence | 成就卓越 | |
| This is where A comes in. | 这就是 A 发挥作用的地方 | This is where education comes in. |
三、熟词僻义
- funny adj. 奇怪的（≠好笑的）：Habits are a funny thing.
- herd n. 芸芸众生（≠兽群）：the unreflecting herd
- train n. 一连串（train of thought 思路，≠火车）：jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks
- rut n. 车辙 → 老套路（≠发情期）：those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain
- wonder n. 奇妙之物（≠想知道 v.）：a fascination with wonder
- commonness n. 平庸（≠普遍）：That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness
- come in 发挥作用（≠进来）：This is where developing new habits comes in.
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| casual adj. | 随意的 | Q21 [A] | |
| mechanical adj. | 机械的 | Q21 [C] | mechanic |
| changeable adj. | 可变的 | Q21 [D] | |
| formation n. | 形成 | Q22 题干 | form |
| regulate v. | 调控 | Q22 [B] | |
| trace v. | 追踪 | Q22 [C] | |
| guide v. | 引导 | Q22 [D] | |
| be born of | 源于 | Q24 [A] | |
| decisiveness n. | 果断 | Q24 [C] | decisive |
| activate v. | 激活 | Q24 [D] | active + -ate |
| inherent adj. | 固有的 | Q25 [C] | |
| comply with | 符合 | Q25 [D] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 C | Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd | mechanical |
| 22 D | we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits | guided |
| 23 A | those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain / create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads | tracks |
| 24 D | The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder | curiosity activates creative minds |
| 25 A | The current emphasis on standardized testing / This is where developing new habits comes in. | prevents new habits from being formed |
六、长难句
① 宾语从句中嵌套 when 从句 + 插入 + that 定语从句（Q22 背景）
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
- 主干：brain researchers have discovered that …
- that 从句：when 时间状语 + 主句 we create parallel paths
- and even entirely new brain cells：插入，补充宾语
- that can jump …：定语从句修饰 paths and cells；jump 此处是及物动词”使跳转”
- 译：但脑科学家发现，当我们有意识地培养新习惯时，会在大脑中开辟平行通路，甚至生成全新的脑细胞，使我们的思路跳上创新的新轨道。
② the more …, the more … + 破折号插入（核心观点）
In fact, the more new things we try – the more we step outside our comfort zone – the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
- 结构：the more A, the more B（越 A 越 B）
- 破折号中间：the more we step outside our comfort zone，对前半句的补充解释
- both in … and in …：范围
- 译：事实上，我们尝试的新事物越多，也就是越多地走出舒适区，我们就越具有内在的创造力，无论在工作中还是个人生活中都是如此。
③ 分词作结果状语 + that 定语从句（Q25 背景）
At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
- 主干：the brain shuts down half of that capacity
- preserving only …：现在分词作结果状语
- that have seemed most valuable …：定语从句修饰 modes of thought
- 译：然而，到青春期结束时，大脑会关闭一半的这种能力，只保留那些在人生最初十来年里显得最有用的思维模式。
七、句型
- A are a funny thing.（口语化开篇） 原句：Habits are a funny thing. 套用：Memories are a funny thing.
- So it seems paradoxical to talk about A in the same context as B.（引出反差） 原句：So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 套用：It seems paradoxical to talk about failure in the same context as success.
- Rather than dismissing ourselves as …, we can instead …（换个积极视角） 原句：Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. 套用：Rather than dismissing ourselves as bad at math, we can instead improve step by step.
- But don’t bother trying to … Instead, …（劝导方法） 原句：But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits 套用：Don’t bother trying to please everyone. Instead, focus on what matters.
- To decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.（定义式警句） 原句：to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one 套用：To judge too quickly is to close the door on understanding.
- Knowing A and doing B creates excellence.（动名词作主语） 原句：Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. 套用：Reading widely and thinking deeply creates wisdom.
- This is where A comes in.（引出对策） 原句：This is where developing new habits comes in. 套用：This is where teachers come in.