2008 考研英语 Text 1｜女性压力更大：生理更敏感，要扛的事也更多
主旨
女性在现代生活的某些领域仍在追赶男性，却在一个不好的方面遥遥领先：面对压力时更容易患抑郁和焦虑症 → 研究表明性激素会影响应激反应，使压力下的女性产生更多诱发性化学物质 → 除了生理原因，女性面临的压力”机会”也更多：不是她们应对得差，而是要应对的事情太多，所以更早、更明显地被压垮 → 女性承受的压力更多是长期、反复的，常来自家庭内部的人际关系，这种长期消耗可能是毁灭性的 → 单亲妈妈阿尔瓦雷斯的经历就是例证：工作、带孩子、还贷，靠每月薪水勉强度日 → 大多数女性都肩负诸多责任，几乎没有喘息，因此必须在压力威胁健康之前找到化解它的办法。
原文：2008 Text 1 · 话题：心理 / 健康 · 答案：21 A｜22 D｜23 C｜24 B｜25 D
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sphere n. | 领域 | While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life | 原义”球体” |
| undesirable adj. | 不良的 | way ahead in at least one undesirable category | un- + desirable |
| category n. | 类别 | way ahead in at least one undesirable category | |
| susceptible adj. | 易受影响的 | particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders | sus- 下 + cept 拿 → 容易被拿住 |
| depression n. | 抑郁 | particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders | de- 向下 + press 压 |
| anxiety n. | 焦虑 | particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders | anxious |
| disorder n. | 失调，疾病 | particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders | dis- + order |
| psychiatrist n. | 精神科医生 | chief psychiatrist | psych 心理 + iatr 治疗 |
| hormone n. | 激素 | sex hormones somehow affect the stress response | |
| trigger n. | 诱因 | produce more of the trigger chemicals | 原义”扳机” |
| reproductive adj. | 生殖的 | the female reproductive organs | reproduce |
| dose n. | 剂量 | Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals | |
| cope v. | 应对 | they have so much more to cope with | |
| capacity n. | 能力 | Their capacity for tolerating stress | |
| tolerate v. | 忍受 | Their capacity for tolerating stress | |
| visibly adv. | 明显地 | they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner | visible |
| chronic adj. | 慢性的，长期的 | in more of a chronic or repeated nature | chron 时间 |
| combat n. | 战斗 | exposed to combat stress | com- + bat 打 |
| random adj. | 随机的 | more acts of random physical violence | |
| interpersonal adj. | 人际的 | The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations | inter- + personal |
| domestic adj. | 家庭的 | The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations | dom 家 |
| devastating adj. | 毁灭性的 | can be quite devastating | devastate 摧毁 |
| determined adj. | 下定决心的 | was determined to finish college | determine |
| frustration n. | 挫败感 | I was living in so much frustration | frustrate |
| severe adj. | 严重的 | the kinds of severe chronic stresses | |
| obligation n. | 责任，义务 | coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain | oblige 迫使 |
| strain n. | 压力，负担 | coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain | 原义”拉紧” |
| diffuse v. | 缓解，驱散 | finding ways to diffuse stress | di- 分散 + fus 流 |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| catch up to | 赶上 | catch up with / to one’s classmates |
| be way ahead in | 在……方面遥遥领先 | |
| be susceptible to | 易受……影响 | Children are susceptible to online influence. |
| in response to | 作为对……的反应 | |
| compared to | 与……相比 | |
| under the same conditions | 在同样条件下 | |
| add to | 增加 | add to one’s burden |
| cope with | 应对 | cope with pressure / stress |
| have so much more to cope with | 需要应对的事多得多 | |
| be worn out | 精疲力竭 | |
| be exposed to | 暴露于，遭受 | be exposed to stress / danger |
| tend to | 往往 | |
| give birth to | 生育 | |
| be determined to do | 下定决心做 | be determined to pass the exam |
| get ahead | 取得进步，出人头地 | |
| take care of | 照顾 | |
| live from paycheck to paycheck | 月光，勉强度日 | |
| with few breaks | 几乎没有喘息 | |
| feel the strain | 感到压力 | |
| the importance of doing | 做……的重要性 | the importance of finding ways to relax |
| diffuse stress | 化解压力 | relieve stress |
三、熟词僻义
- way adv. 远远地（≠道路）：way ahead in at least one undesirable category
- trigger n. 诱因（≠扳机）：produce more of the trigger chemicals
- deal n. 事情（one-shot deals 一次性的事，≠交易）：they tend not to be one-shot deals
- wear n. 磨损（wear-and-tear，≠穿）：The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships
- escape n. 解脱的方式（≠逃跑 v.）：that was my escape
- break n. 休息（≠打破 v.）：coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain
- function v. 正常运转（≠功能 n.）：your ability to function
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| biologically adv. | 生理上 | Q21 [A] | bio 生命 |
| vulnerable adj. | 易受伤害的 | Q21 [A] | vulner 伤 |
| inclination n. | 倾向 | Q21 [D] | incline |
| temporary adj. | 暂时的 | Q23 [A] | |
| irregular adj. | 不规律的 | Q23 [B] | ir- + regular |
| durable adj. | 持久的 | Q23 [C] | dur 持久 |
| trivial adj. | 琐碎的 | Q23 [D] | |
| barely adv. | 勉强 | Q24 [B] | bare 仅仅 |
| household expenses | 家庭开支 | Q24 [B] | |
| practically adv. | 几乎 | Q24 [D] | |
| inequality n. | 不平等 | Q25 [D] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 21 A | Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men / sex hormones somehow affect the stress response | Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress |
| 22 D | they have so much more to cope with | are exposed to more stress |
| 23 C | in more of a chronic or repeated nature / they tend not to be one-shot deals | durable and frequent |
| 24 B | It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt | Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses |
| 25 D | way ahead in at least one undesirable category / most women today are coping with a lot of obligations | Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress |
六、长难句
① 宾语从句 + 分词结果状语 + 比较倒装（Q21 出处）
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.
- 主干：Studies have shown that sex hormones affect the stress response
- causing females … to produce …：现在分词作结果状语，cause sb to do
- than do males under the same conditions：比较状语，助动词 do 提前形成倒装
- 译：对动物和人类的研究都表明，性激素会以某种方式影响应激反应，使处于压力下的雌性比同样条件下的雄性产生更多的诱发性化学物质。
② 分词短语前置的完全倒装（Q22 背景）
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.
- 正常语序：Her increased “opportunities” for stress are adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals
- 分词短语 Adding to … 提前，主谓倒装，真正主语是 her increased “opportunities”
- 译：除了女性体内应激化学物质的剂量增加之外，她们遭遇压力的”机会”也增多了。
③ 定语从句 + 插入语 + 并列分句（Q23 出处）
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.
- 主干：The kinds of interpersonal violence tend to be in domestic situations
- that women are exposed to：定语从句修饰 violence
- by, unfortunately, parents or other family members：补充施暴者，unfortunately 为插入
- and they tend not to be one-shot deals：并列分句
- 译：女性遭受的人际暴力往往发生在家庭中，施暴者不幸常常是父母或其他家庭成员，而且这种暴力往往不是一次性的。
七、句型
- While still catching up to A in some spheres, B appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.（反差开篇） 原句：While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 套用：While still catching up with the West in some fields, China is way ahead in at least one area: mobile payment.
- It’s not necessarily that … It’s just that …（纠正误解） 原句：It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with 套用：It’s not necessarily that students are lazy. It’s just that they have too much homework.
- They are dealing with so many more things that …（so … that 结果） 原句：it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner 套用：Young parents are dealing with so many things that they hardly have time for themselves.
- The wear-and-tear that comes from A can be quite devastating.（强调长期损耗） 原句：The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating. 套用：The wear-and-tear that comes from long working hours can be quite devastating.
- Not everyone experiences A. But most …（让步后概括） 原句：Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. 套用：Not everyone faces such hardship. But most of us feel the pressure.
- A demonstrates the importance of finding ways to … before …（总结启示） 原句：Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. 套用：Her story demonstrates the importance of finding ways to relax before stress harms your health.