2006 考研英语 Text 4｜广告里全是幸福，所以艺术要提醒我们痛苦
主旨
艺术家最古怪的地方在于：他们的工作是探索情感，却偏偏专注于那些让人难受的 → 并非一直如此：最早的绘画和音乐最适合表达欢乐，但 19 世纪以来越来越多艺术家把幸福看作无意义、虚假、乏味 → 原因不是现代苦难更多，恰恰相反，是当今世界的”幸福”太多了：反幸福艺术的兴起几乎与大众传媒同步，商业文化把幸福变成了意识形态 → 过去人们身边满是苦难的提醒（劳累、早逝，教会提醒人终有一死），不需要艺术再来扫兴 → 如今包围我们的是商业信息，人人都在微笑，这些信息意在诱人掏钱，反而让幸福显得不可靠 → 幸福不只是没有痛苦的快乐；在廉价的幸福承诺包围下，我们需要艺术像昔日的宗教那样提醒我们：勿忘人终有一死，幸福在于接受这一点。
原文：2006 Text 4 · 话题：文化 / 艺术 · 答案：36 D｜37 B｜38 D｜39 B｜40 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| weird adj. | 古怪的 | Many things make people think artists are weird. | |
| suited adj. | 适合的 | those best suited for expressing joy | suit |
| onward adv. | 向前，以后 | from the 19th century onward | on + -ward 方向 |
| meaningless adj. | 无意义的 | seeing happiness as meaningless, phony | meaning + -less |
| phony adj. | 虚假的 | seeing happiness as meaningless, phony | |
| skeptical adj. | 怀疑的 | art became more skeptical of happiness | |
| misery n. | 苦难 | modern times have seen so much misery | miser 可怜的 |
| perpetual adj. | 永久的，不断的 | perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents | per- 贯穿 |
| massacre n. | 屠杀 | perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents | |
| dedicated adj. | 致力于……的 | almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness | |
| depict v. | 描绘 | almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness | de- + pict 画 |
| emergence n. | 出现 | almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media | emerge |
| ideology n. | 意识形态 | not just an ideal but an ideology | ideo 观念 + -logy |
| era n. | 时代 | People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. | |
| reminder n. | 提醒物 | People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. | remind |
| exhausted adj. | 精疲力竭的 | They worked until exhausted | exhaust 耗尽 |
| literacy n. | 读写能力 | before mass communication and literacy | liter 文字 |
| medium n. | 媒介（复数 media） | the most powerful mass medium was the church | medi 中间 |
| worshipper n. | 礼拜者，信徒 | which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger | worship |
| bummer n. | 令人扫兴的事 | they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too | |
| beaming adj. | 笑容满面的 | Our magazines feature beaming celebrities | beam 光束 → 满面放光 |
| lure v. | 引诱 | to lure us to open our wallets | |
| unreliable adj. | 不可靠的 | make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable | un- + reliable |
| disappointment n. | 失望 | carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment | disappoint |
| bitter adj. | 苦的 | even more bitter than a clove cigarette |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| make people think A | 让人觉得 A | |
| be best suited for | 最适合 | Short videos are best suited for entertainment, not deep learning. |
| from the 19th century onward | 从 19 世纪起 | from now onward |
| see A as B | 把 A 看作 B | |
| worst of all | 最糟糕的是 | |
| be skeptical of | 对……持怀疑态度 | be skeptical of online advertisements |
| it’s not as if | 并不是说 | It’s not as if we have no choice. |
| just the opposite | 恰恰相反 | |
| be dedicated to doing | 致力于做 | |
| track the emergence of | 与……的出现同步 | |
| not just an ideal but an ideology | 不仅是理想，更是意识形态 | |
| be surrounded by | 被……包围 | We are surrounded by advertisements. |
| work until exhausted | 干到精疲力竭 | |
| die young | 早逝 | |
| given all this | 考虑到这一切 | Given all this, it is no surprise that … |
| have an agenda | 另有目的 | |
| lure sb to do | 引诱某人做 | |
| find out | 发现 | |
| carry the greatest potential for | 最有可能带来 | |
| be surrounded by promises of | 被……的承诺包围 | |
| live with | 接受，与……共处 | learn to live with uncertainty |
| a breath of fresh air | 一股清新之风 | Her honest words were a breath of fresh air. |
三、熟词僻义
- damn adj. 该死的（口语加强语气）：there is too much damn happiness in the world today
- track v. 与……同步（≠追踪）：almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media
- meat n. 食物（meat for worms 蛆虫的食物，≠肉）：they would someday be meat for worms
- anchor n. 新闻主播（≠锚）：Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers
- feature v. 以……为特色，刊登（≠特征 n.）：Our magazines feature beaming celebrities
- agenda n. 企图，目的（≠议程）：these messages have an agenda
- breath n. 一缕（a breath of fresh air，≠呼吸）：a breath of fresh air
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| expressive adj. | 能表达……的 | Q36 [A] | express |
| grow out of | 产生于 | Q36 [B] | |
| unpleasant adj. | 令人不快的 | Q37 [B] | un- + pleasant |
| in the wake of | 紧随……之后 | Q38 [A] | |
| illusion n. | 幻觉 | Q38 [D] | |
| more often than not | 往往 | Q39 [A] | |
| distasteful adj. | 令人不快的 | Q39 [B] | dis- + taste |
| refreshing adj. | 令人耳目一新的 | Q39 [B] | |
| flourish v. | 繁荣 | Q39 [D] | flour 花 |
| boom v. | 繁荣 | Q39 [D] | |
| function as | 起……作用 | Q40 [A] | |
| be inclined to | 倾向于 | Q40 [D] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 36 D | more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring / from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil | artists have changed their focus of interest |
| 37 B | they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too | unpleasant |
| 38 D | make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable | creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself |
| 39 B | It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. | the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing |
| 40 A | which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger | Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery |
六、长难句
① 主干 + and with it 插入 + in which 定语从句（Q38 背景）
The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
- 主干：The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of A, and (the emergence of) B
- with it：插入，“随之而来的”，it 指 mass media
- in which happiness is not just … but …：定语从句修饰 culture
- 译：反幸福艺术的兴起几乎恰好与大众传媒的出现同步，随之出现的还有一种商业文化：在这种文化中，幸福不仅是一种理想，更是一种意识形态。
② 非限制性定语从句中两个并列 that 宾语从句（Q40 出处）
In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.
- 主干：the most powerful mass medium was the church
- In the West, before …：两个状语
- which reminded worshippers that … and that …：非限制性定语从句，remind sb that，带两个宾语从句
- 译：在西方，在大众传播和识字普及之前，最有影响力的大众媒介是教会，它提醒信徒们：他们的灵魂正处于危险之中，他们终有一天会成为蛆虫的食物。
③ 分词状语 + 插入 + 冒号后三个并列 that 从句（Q39 背景）
Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it.
- 主干：we need art to tell us Memento mori
- surrounded by …：过去分词短语作状语；as religion once did：插入，“就像宗教曾经做的那样”
- 冒号后：解释 Memento mori（拉丁语”勿忘你终有一死”），remember 带三个并列 that 从句
- not in A but in B：幸福不在于否认，而在于与之共处
- 译：如今，在唾手可得的幸福承诺包围下，我们需要艺术像宗教曾经那样告诉我们”勿忘你终有一死”：记住你会死去，一切都会结束，而幸福不在于否认这一点，而在于与之共处。
七、句型
- Many things make people think A. But the weirdest may be this: …（设悬念开篇） 原句：Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this 套用：Many things make people think teenagers are strange. But the strangest may be this: they feel lonely while always online.
- This wasn’t always so.（转向历史） 原句：This wasn’t always so. 套用：Reading is now seen as boring. This wasn’t always so.
- But it’s not as if … The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: …（驳斥常见解释） 原句：But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite 套用：It’s not as if young people today have less free time. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite.
- After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to …? A.（设问揭示答案） 原句：After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. 套用：After all, what is the one place almost completely dedicated to making us spend money? The shopping mall.
- Given all this, they did not exactly need …（推论） 原句：Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too. 套用：Given all this, students did not exactly need more homework.
- But what we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that …（What 主语从句 + 插入） 原句：But what we forget – what our economy depends on us forgetting – is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. 套用：What we often forget is that success is more than wealth.
- It’s a message even more bitter than A, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.（对比收尾） 原句：It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air. 套用：Honest criticism is bitter, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.