2005 考研英语 Text 3｜梦是情绪调节器，而且可以被控制
主旨
在良好睡眠的各要素中，梦似乎最不受控制；弗洛伊德认为梦是无意识欲望和恐惧的伪装，后来神经学家认为梦只是神经修复的随机”噪音”，如今研究者认为梦是大脑的情绪调节器，甚至可以被有意识地控制 → 脑成像支持这一观点：快速眼动睡眠时大脑和清醒时一样活跃，“情绪脑”尤其活跃，负责理性的前额叶皮层则相对安静 → 多数人前半夜多噩梦、醒前梦境转好，说明梦在消化白天的负面情绪 → 反复出现的噩梦可以有意识地控制：醒来后找出令人不安之处，想象希望的结局，下次试着把握梦的走向 → 除非梦影响睡眠，否则不必太在意；长期噩梦者应求助治疗师，其他人的大脑自有办法化解坏情绪。
原文：2005 Text 3 · 话题：心理 / 睡眠科学 · 答案：31 A｜32 C｜33 D｜34 D｜35 A
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| component n. | 组成部分 | Of all the components of a good night’s sleep | |
| formulate v. | 提出，构想 | Freud formulated his revolutionary theory | formula |
| revolutionary adj. | 革命性的 | Freud formulated his revolutionary theory | revolution |
| disguised adj. | 伪装的 | the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears | dis- + guise 外表 |
| unconscious adj. | 无意识的 | the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears | |
| byproduct n. | 副产品 | the random byproducts of the neural-repair work | by + product |
| neural adj. | 神经的 | the random byproducts of the neural-repair work | neur 神经 |
| thermostat n. | 恒温器 → 调节器 | part of the mind’s emotional thermostat | therm 热 + stat 稳定 |
| regulate v. | 调节 | regulating moods while the brain is | |
| authority n. | 权威人士 | one leading authority | |
| intensely adv. | 强烈地 | these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed | intense |
| harness v. | 利用 | these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed | 原义”马具” |
| vivid adj. | 生动的 | when most vivid dreams occur | viv 生命 |
| awake adj. | 醒着的 | as it is when fully awake | |
| intellect n. | 智力 | the center of intellect and reasoning | |
| reasoning n. | 推理 | the center of intellect and reasoning | reason |
| clinic n. | 诊所 | The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic | |
| significance n. | 意义 | the emotional significance of the day’s events | significant |
| recurring adj. | 反复出现的 | exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams | re- + cur 跑 |
| visualize v. | 想象 | Visualize how you would like it to end instead | visual + -ize |
| literally adv. | 真的，名副其实地 | people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep | literal |
| panic n. | 惊慌 | we wake up in a panic | |
| insecurity n. | 不安全感 | general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety | |
| persistent adj. | 持续的 | Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist | persist |
| nightmare n. | 噩梦 | Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist | |
| therapist n. | 治疗师 | Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist | therapy |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| a good night’s sleep | 一夜好眠 | Nothing beats a good night’s sleep. |
| be within our control | 在我们控制之内 | ↔ be beyond our control |
| a window opens into | 打开通往……的窗口 | Reading opens a window into other worlds. |
| formulate a theory | 提出理论 | |
| switch to thinking of A as B | 转而把 A 看作 B | |
| go on | 发生，进行 | |
| bring A under conscious control | 使 A 受意识控制 | |
| as active as | 和……一样活跃 | |
| be equally involved | 同等参与 | |
| stay with sb | 伴随某人，留在心里 | The feeling stayed with me all day. |
| show up | 显现 | |
| progress toward | 逐渐走向 | |
| work through negative feelings | 消化负面情绪 | work through grief / stress |
| be occupied with | 忙于 | be occupied with work |
| need not be left to | 不必交给…… | |
| exercise control over | 控制 | exercise control over one’s emotions |
| at the end of the day | 归根结底 | |
| keep sb from doing | 使某人不能做 | |
| wake up in a panic | 惊醒 | |
| seek help from | 向……求助 | seek help from a counselor |
| sleep on it | 睡一觉再说 |
三、熟词僻义
- window n. 窗口 → 通道（≠窗户）：a window opens into a world
- suspend v. 暂停，失效（≠悬挂）：logic is suspended and dead people speak
- shadow n. 投影（≠阴影）：the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears
- off-line adj. 离线的 → 大脑休息时（≠断网的）：regulating moods while the brain is
- harness v. 利用（≠马具 n.）：these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed
- course n. 进程（≠课程）：try to wake up just enough to control its course
- literally adv. 名副其实地（≠字面上地）：people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| modify v. | 修改 | Q31 [A] | |
| susceptible to | 易受……影响 | Q31 [B] | |
| innermost adj. | 内心深处的 | Q31 [C] | inner + most |
| mechanism n. | 机制 | Q32 [B] | |
| aggravate v. | 加重 | Q33 [A] | |
| persist v. | 持续 | Q33 [C] | per- + sist 站 |
| essential to | 对……必不可少 | Q34 [A] | |
| the ridding of | 摆脱 | Q34 [A] | rid 摆脱 |
| progression n. | 发展进程 | Q34 [C] | progress |
| as usual | 照常 | Q35 [A] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 31 A | brought under conscious control / If you don’t like it, change it. | can be modified in their courses |
| 32 C | the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active | the relation of dreams to emotions |
| 33 D | Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night | show up in dreams early at night |
| 34 D | this process need not be left to the unconscious / exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams | dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious |
| 35 A | there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping / For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings | Lead your life as usual |
六、长难句
① 同位语从句 + 分号并列 + 破折号同位语 + 定语从句（Q31 背景）
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” – the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.
- 前半句主干：Freud formulated his revolutionary theory；that dreams were … 是同位语从句
- 后半句主干：neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”
- 破折号后：同位语，解释 mental noise；that goes on during sleep 修饰 work
- 译：一个世纪前，弗洛伊德提出了一个革命性的理论：梦是我们无意识欲望和恐惧的伪装投影；到 20 世纪 70 年代末，神经学家转而认为梦只是”大脑噪音”，即睡眠期间神经修复工作的随机副产品。
② as … as 比较 + 破折号插入（Q32 背景）
The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep – when most vivid dreams occur – as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
- 主干：The brain is as active during REM sleep as it is when fully awake
- 破折号中间：when most vivid dreams occur，补充说明 REM 睡眠
- when fully awake：省略了 it is
- 译：匹兹堡大学的埃里克·诺夫辛格博士说，大脑在快速眼动睡眠期间（也就是最生动的梦发生时）和完全清醒时一样活跃。
③ 两个分词短语作状语 + 过去分词后置定语（Q33 出处）
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.
- 主干：Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night
- progressing toward happier ones …：分词短语作伴随状语，ones 指 dreams
- suggesting that …：分词短语作结果状语
- generated during the day：过去分词后置修饰 feelings
- 译：大多数人似乎在前半夜做的噩梦较多，临醒前逐渐转为较愉快的梦，这表明他们正在消化白天产生的负面情绪。
七、句型
- Of all the components of A, B seem to be least within our control.（最高级开篇） 原句：Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. 套用：Of all the factors in success, luck seems to be least within our control.
- If you don’t like it, change it.（简短有力的劝导） 原句：If you don’t like it, change it. 套用：It’s your life. If you don’t like it, change it.
- Evidence from A supports this view.（引出证据） 原句：Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. 套用：Evidence from recent surveys supports this view.
- But not all parts of A are equally involved.（部分否定） 原句：But not all parts of the brain are equally involved 套用：But not all students are equally involved in class discussions.
- And this process need not be left to the unconscious.（主张主动掌控） 原句：And this process need not be left to the unconscious. 套用：Your future need not be left to chance.
- With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.（强调熟能生巧） 原句：With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep. 套用：With much practice, you can do it with your eyes closed.
- At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to … unless …（归结建议） 原句：At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping 套用：At the end of the day, there’s little reason to worry about grades unless they stop you from learning.