2005 考研英语 Text 2｜全球变暖：别再重蹈吸烟问题的覆辙
主旨
当年科学家警告吸烟致命，怀疑者却坚称证据不足、反吸烟团体想毁掉我们的生活方式；许多人信了，30 年间约 1000 万吸烟者早逝 → 如今全球变暖问题上出现了令人不安的相似：国家科学院专家组明确指出地球正在变暖、主要是人为造成，我们该行动了；科学虽不能解答一切，却是对未来最好的指引 → 和当年一样，有人坚称科学尚不完整、可以继续排放；这很危险：等证据百分之百齐全时可能为时已晚，谨慎的人现在就该”买份保险” → 白宫开始关注，但多数顾问仍不重视，只一味要求更多研究，这是典型的”分析导致瘫痪” → 研究固然要继续，但光研究不够：若政府不立法，国会应推动节能措施，确保新建电厂环保。
原文：2005 Text 2 · 话题：环境 / 政策 · 答案：26 C｜27 D｜28 A｜29 D｜30 B
一、核心词
| 词 | 本文义 | 原文搭配 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| doubter n. | 怀疑者 | the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure | doubt |
| inconclusive adj. | 非决定性的，不确定的 | the evidence was inconclusive | in- + conclusive |
| lobby n. | 游说团体 | the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life | |
| nonsense n. | 胡说 | Lots of Americans bought that nonsense | non- + sense |
| grave n. | 坟墓 | went to early graves | |
| upsetting adj. | 令人不安的 | There are upsetting parallels today | upset |
| parallel n. | 相似之处 | There are upsetting parallels today | |
| awaken v. | 唤醒，使认识到 | try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming | a- + wake |
| enlist v. | 召集，请来 | enlisted by the White House | en- + list 名单 |
| definitely adv. | 肯定地 | the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming | definite |
| man-made adj. | 人为的 | the problem is largely man-made | |
| preface n. | 前言 | in the preface to the panel’s report | pre- + face |
| critical adj. | 至关重要的 | it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments | |
| fume n. | 烟气，废气 | keep pouring fumes into the air | |
| prudent adj. | 谨慎的 | a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now | |
| classic adj. | 典型的 | a classic case of “paralysis by analysis” | |
| paralysis n. | 瘫痪 | a classic case of “paralysis by analysis” | para 旁 + lysis 松 |
| steward n. | 管理者，守护者 | responsible stewards of the planet | |
| atmospheric adj. | 大气的 | we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research | atmosphere |
| inadequate adj. | 不够的 | But research alone is inadequate. | in- + adequate |
| initiative n. | 主动行动 | take the legislative initiative | initiate |
| conservation n. | 节约，保护 | to begin fashioning conservation measures | conserve |
| incentive n. | 激励 | financial incentives for private industry | |
| promising adj. | 有希望的 | is a promising start | promise |
| crucial adj. | 关键的 | it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound |
二、搭配与写作迁移
| 原文表达 | 含义 | 写作迁移 |
|---|---|---|
| know for sure | 确切知道 | |
| be out to do | 一心想做 | |
| stay out of the way | 别插手 | |
| buy that nonsense | 相信那套胡话 | |
| go to early graves | 过早死去 | |
| one wave after another | 一波接一波 | |
| awaken sb to | 使某人认识到 | awaken people to the dangers of plastic |
| get moving | 开始行动 | |
| provide sb with | 为某人提供 | |
| base A on B | 以 B 为依据制定 A | base policies on scientific evidence |
| come from many quarters | 来自各方 | |
| This is a dangerous game. | 这是在冒险 | |
| by the time … | 到……时 | By the time we act, it may be too late. |
| take out an insurance policy | 投保，买份保险 | |
| pay attention to | 关注 | |
| take A seriously | 认真对待 A | take climate change seriously |
| press for | 竭力要求 | press for more funding |
| a classic case of | ……的典型例子 | |
| serve as | 充当 | |
| press forward on | 推进 | |
| take the legislative initiative | 主动立法 | |
| offer financial incentives for | 为……提供财政激励 | |
| a promising start | 良好的开端 | |
| meet energy needs | 满足能源需求 |
三、熟词僻义
- buy v. 相信（≠买）：Lots of Americans bought that nonsense
- parallel n. 相似之处（≠平行线）：There are upsetting parallels today
- wave n. 一批（≠波浪）：in one wave after another
- quarter n. 方面，地方（≠四分之一）：voices now come from many quarters
- people n. 民族（a prudent people，≠人们）：a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now
- steward n. 守护者（≠乘务员）：responsible stewards of the planet
- fashion v. 制定（≠时尚 n.）：to begin fashioning conservation measures
- sound adj. 无害的，合理的（environmentally sound，≠声音）：those new plants be environmentally sound
四、题目与选项词
| 词 / 搭配 | 义 | 出处 | 拆解 / 记忆 |
|---|---|---|---|
| correlation n. | 相关性 | Q26 [A] | cor- + relation |
| insignificant adj. | 微不足道的 | Q26 [B] | in- + significant |
| protector n. | 保护者 | Q27 [A] | protect |
| hinder v. | 阻碍 | Q28 [C] | |
| extensive adj. | 广泛的 | Q28 [D] | extend |
| awareness n. | 意识 | Q29 [B] | |
| associate A with B | 把 A 和 B 联系起来 | Q30 题干 | |
| negligence n. | 疏忽 | Q30 [A] | neglect |
| applicable to | 适用于 | Q30 [B] | |
| aggravate v. | 加重 | Q30 [C] | ag- + grav 重 |
| from bad to worse | 每况愈下 | Q30 [D] |
五、同义替换：原文 → 正确项
| 题 | 原文 | 正确项 |
|---|---|---|
| 26 C | the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life | people had the freedom to choose their own way of life |
| 27 D | But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future | a guide |
| 28 A | Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research | Endless studies kill action |
| 29 D | If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures | Take some legislative measures |
| 30 B | There are upsetting parallels today / Just as on smoking | a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former |
六、长难句
① 强调助动词 does + 形式主语 + 虚拟 + 定语从句（Q27 出处）
But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
- 前半句：science does provide us with …（does 强调）
- 后半句：it is critical that …（it 形式主语），that 从句用虚拟，谓语动词用原形 base
- base A on B：以 B 为依据制定 A；that science can provide 修饰 judgments
- concerning …：介词短语，“关于当前行为的未来后果”
- 译：但科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最佳指引。我们的国家乃至全世界都必须依据科学对当前行为未来后果所能作出的最佳判断，来制定重要政策，这一点至关重要。
② 分词后置定语 + 两个并列 that 宾语从句（反对者的说法）
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.
- 主干：voices now come from many quarters
- Just as on smoking：状语，“就像在吸烟问题上一样”
- insisting that …, that …：现在分词短语修饰 voices，带两个宾语从句
- 译：就像当年在吸烟问题上一样，如今各方都有人坚称，关于全球变暖的科学尚不完整，在确认之前继续向空气中排放废气也没关系。
③ if 条件句 + 形式主语 + 虚拟（结尾主张）
If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
- 主干：it is crucial that …（it 形式主语）
- If we are ever going to …：条件状语，ever 加强语气
- that those new plants be …：虚拟语气，be 用原形
- 译：如果我们真打算保护大气层，那么这些新电厂必须对环境无害，这一点至关重要。
七、句型
- Do you remember all those years when …?（回忆式开篇） 原句：Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? 套用：Do you remember all those years when people said the Internet was just a fad?
- There are upsetting parallels today, as …（引出类比） 原句：There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 套用：There are upsetting parallels today, as experts try to warn us about screen addiction.
- Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with …（让步 + 强调） 原句：Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future 套用：Books never have all the answers. But they do provide us with the best available guide to life.
- This is a dangerous game: by the time …, it may be too late.（警示） 原句：This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. 套用：This is a dangerous game: by the time the damage is obvious, it may be too late.
- With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.（with 复合结构 + 建议） 原句：With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. 套用：With the risks obvious and growing, a wise government would act now.
- Instead of A, they continue to press for B – a classic case of …（批评本末倒置） 原句：Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research – a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. 套用：Instead of taking action, they keep holding meetings – a classic case of all talk and no action.
- But A alone is inadequate.（指出不足） 原句：But research alone is inadequate. 套用：But good intentions alone are inadequate.